
Glass. 
Book 



HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 



OF 



NEW HAVEN, CONN., 



FROM ITS EARLIEST SETTLEMENT 



TO THE PRESENT TIME. 

WITH 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION OF THE 

luWit Institutions, ^l, i't. 



BY JOH:^ W. barber, 

AUTHOR OF SEVERAL HISTORICAL WORKS, AND 

LEMUEL S. PUNDERSON. 




tSee pages 70 and 71.] * 

MEW HAVEi¥, €©]¥]¥.: 

PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY 

L. S. PUNDERSON and J. W. BARBER. 

BTEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY J. H, BENHAM, 
1866. 






>^ 



■^ v^*r J: 



/^ 



PREFA-CE. 



It is now about twenty-five years since the senior author of this 
work first published the History and Antiquities of New Haven ; 
being the first and only work of the kind (excepting the Statistical 
Account of the City, by Dr. Dwight, in 1811) which had yet been 
published respecting this place. This work has been out of print 
for several years. It has been frequently called for, and it is be- 
lieved that the time has arrived when a new, and more extended 
history, should be offered to the public. 

Few places in our country can furnish more interesting materials 
of its past history than New Haven. Its first settlers were a re- 
markable body. Distinguished above most men by high moral 
principles, and an inflexible attachment to civil and religious liberty, 
they were, indeed, of the best class of the nation from which they 
emigrated. Many of them had moved in superior ranks of life, 
and some had held offices of great trust and responsibility in their 
native country. 

Disdaining to sacrifice " a good conscience" for personal ease or 
popularity, they exiled themselves from their native land. Fired 
with a noble zeal for the welfare of the race, these genuine Puri- 
tans transplanted tjiemselves to a wilderness, where they might 
have " freedom to worship God." Armed with conscious rectitude, 
and faith in a Divine Being, though surrounded by savages, they 
ventured to lay the foundations of a Christian commonwealth. 

No attempt has been made to write a formal history ; the object 
being moi*e to collect valuable and interesting facts. Some of these- 
may possibly be deemed too trivial to be noticed, but it is true, as 
Dr. Johnson has well said, " posterity delights in details." It also 
may be observed that we of the present age are not always the 
best judges of what may prove to be of the most interest or value 
to those who come after us. Much, undoubtedly, has been lost to 
the world by fastidious views on this subject. Many extracts have 



been taken from ancient newspapers printed in this place. These 
" Journals of the times," in which events are detailed, as it were, 
on the spot and time of occurrence, are of great value as historical 
documents. 

In the compilation of this work we are under obligations to sev- 
eral gentlemen who have superior facilities for obtaining correct 
information on every subject relating to New Haven. Considering 
the great number and variety of subjects introduced, it is quite 
possible some inaccuracies may be found. However this may be, 
we feel conscious of having used all ordinary means to present to 
the public a reliable history. 

J. W. BARBER, 
L. S. PUNDERSOK 
New Haven, Conn. 



CONTENTS. 



TJLGH. 

Alarm in New Haven . . 168 

Alms House 40 

Andross, Gov. visit to N. H. 104 

Andross, letter cone. Goff . 101 

Arnold, B., advertisement . 118 

Arnold, estate confiscated . 139 

Anthracite Coal first used . 59 

Ashmun's monument . . 145 

Ashmun, Funeral of . . 146 
Austin, David, notice of 142, 152 

Augur's Statue, Jeptha, &c. 161 

Attention to Strangers . . 43 

Asylum, Orphan .... 42 

Bacon, Rev. Dr., Hist. Disc. 23 

Baptist Churches ... 31 

Banks 55 

Beacon at East Haven . . 133 

Berkley, Dean, donation of 15 

Blue Law^s of Connecticut 8^. 

Books given to Yale Coll. . 13 

British seamen captured . 169 

Cabinet, Mineral, and Geolog. 17 

Campbell, Adjutant, killed . 122 

Campbell's Grave . . . 131 

Capture of the Susan, &c. . 170 

Catholic Churches ... 31 

Canal, Farmington ... 48 

Carriages and Wagons . . 60 

Cemeteries 33 

Centennial Celebration, . 154 

Chapel Street, plan of . . 172 

Cheever, Ezekiel, notice of . 162 



FAOB 

Churches. — Center Ch., 24 — 
Chapel-st., 27 — College- 
st., 27 — Episcopal, Prot., 
28— Howe-st., 27— North 
Church, 26 — South Cong., 
28 — Third Cong., 26 — 
White Haven, 25 — Woos- 
ter Place, 28 — Baptist 
Churches, 31 — Catholic 
Churches, 31 — Methodist 
Episcopal, 29 — Churches 
in Westville, 32— Do. Fair 
Haven, Universalist Ch., 
32 — Jewish Congregation, 32 
Connecticut Hall .... 16 
Conn. Academy of Arts and 

Sciences 50 

Columbian Register extracts 168 
Chronological Table . . 175 
City, growth of ... . 63 
Clap, Pres., Insc. on Monument 147 
Cornstalk juice distilled . 139 
Coal, Anthracite, first intro. 59 
Cotton Manufactory . . 58 
Criminals, branded, cropped 111 
Cutter, U. S., Eagle, captured 170 
Common Schools .... 52 
County House and Jail . 39 
Cornwallis' surrender, rejoic- 
ing, &c 138 

College [Yale] Founding of, 
11 — First Commencement 
of. Library of, removed to 



fi, C,0 N T E N T S . 

PACK. PAO«. 

New Haven, 13— Name of, George III. proclaimed king 110 

15_College Buttery and Government, Civil and Reli- 

Butler, 20— Faculty of, 21 gious, formation of . . 70 

—Medical College, 21— Goff, Gen., notice of . . 92 

Bill of fare, 18. Goff, anecdotes of, 97, 98— 

Letter to his wife, 94 — ap- 
Davenport, Rev. J. . . . 89 pearance at Hadley, sup- 
Davenport, lines on, . . . 163 posed to be an angel, 99 — 
Davenport, James, irregulari- jjjg journal, 91— Conceal- 

ties of 85 j^pjjj at Hartford, 101 — 

Deserters, British ... 169 Monument, supposed, 100. 

Delaware, lands purchased 73 Governor's Guard march to 

Deaths in New Haven, . . 174 Boston 120 

Dixwell, Colonel, notice of . 103 Grammar School, Hopkins' 51 

Dixwell, ancient monument 106 Greenwich purchased . . 73 

Dixwell, view of new do. . 108 Greenwich, misdemeanors at 84 

Doolittle, Amos, notice of . 157 Guilford, General Court at . 12 
Dutch, trouble with ... 74 

Dutch apply for assistance . 75 Hadley, Gen. Goff at . . 99 

Dwight, Timothy, notice of 148 Hardy, Commodore, notice of 25 

Dyke across W. meadow . 44 Hillhouse, James, notice of . 152 

• r. ,-,n Hopkins, Gov., notice of 51,163 

Eagle. U. S. cutter, capture of 170 ^^^^^.^^, ^^^^^^^ g^^^^^ ^^ 

Eaton, Gov., notice of . , 90 Horticultural Society . . 56 

^^>°"S^^°^^ f^ Hospital, State .... 41 

Earl, portrait painter . . 157 Houses of Public Worship . 23 

Engraving, first, in L. H. . 157 Humphreys. Col. David, no- 

Farmington Canal ... 48 tice of, view of monument, 

First School House ... 51 inscription, 149 

First Newspaper .... 109 , ^ . . . p. 

„. _ , PC Indians, Qumnipiacs . . d5 

Fire Department .... 55 ^ ,. __.,, __ 

^. , . T TTTi- c t Ai Indian Hill dd 

Fire, destructive. Long Wharf 141 , , _o 

1? . T> „ » TT-n ICQ Indian executed .... 78 

Fort on Prospect Hill . . 1d9 , , . -» 

T, , rxr , r- 11 in Indian marks or Signatures W 

Freshmen ot i ale College . 19 ^ , , . . __ .^ 

^ , or Inhabitants of New Haven 

^T^'t \ ,?? from 1639 to 1645 . . 76 

Fulton Steamboat . . . 171 inhabitants of N. H., 1748 . 88 

Gas Company 60 Ingersoll, notice of . . . 118 

Gorges, Sir F., lines on Da- Ingersoll, resignation of office 

venport 164 of Stamp Master, &o. . 114 



CONTENTS, 



in. 



Invasion of New Haven 

Institute, Young Men's 



PAGE. 

121 
54 



Judges (Regicides) history of 91 
Judges, anecdotes of, 97 — 
Dexterity of, 98 — Cave oh 
W. Rock, 96 — Signatures 
(fac simile), 91. 
Jones, Gov., notice of . . 146 

Kingsley, Prof , notice of . 173 

La Fayette, visit to N. Haven 143 
Laws for Freshmen ... 19 
Laws, New Haven Code . 82 
Lancasterian School ... 52 
Lamberton, plot against . 75 
Lawrence and Ludlow, bodies 

of, pass through N. H. . 168 
Lexington, action at . . . 158 
Lexington, engraving of . 158 
Libraries, Public .... 54 
Library, Yale Coll., removed 13 
Long Wharf 44 

Manufactories, &c. ... 57 
Map, oldest of, New Havtn 87 
Markets, Public .... 41 
Mecom,B,, Printer, &c. . 113 
Methodist Episcopal Churches 29 
Medical College .... 21 
Meeting-House, seating of, in 

1646 164 

Mineralogical and Geol. Cab, 17 
Mulberry Orchards ... 61 
Morse, Jedediah, notice of . 151 

Names of First Settlers . 76 
Names of persons killed in the 
invasion of New Haven . 125 



PAQE. 

N. Haven City, 9 — Population 64 

New Haven, Ancient Hist, of 65 

New Haven, Livasion of . 121 

New Haven, Deaths in . . 174 

New Township .... 64 

Newspaper, first, in N. H. . 109 
Newspapers and Periodicals, 

List of, published in N. H. 166 

Newspapers in New Haven 10 
Newspaper Extracts previous 

to the Revolution . . . 109 
Newspaper Extracts during 

the Revolution .... 132 
Newspaper Extracts during 

the War of 1812 ... 168 



Orphan Asylum 



42 



Paintings in Trumbull Gallery 160 

Paper captured by the enemy 171 

Paper Mills 58 

Paupers (Town) advertised 112 

Pavements of side walks . 50 

Pavilion 62 

Peace Rejoicing in 1783 . 140 
Peters' History of Connecticut 82 
Peters' Credibility as Historian 83 

Powder, manufacture of . 61 

Privateer New Broom . . 137 

Prospect Hill Fort ... 169 

Public Houses 61 

Powder, manufacture of . . 61 

Public Square 171 

Rail Roads 49 

Records of N. H., curious . 80 

Regicides, History of . . 91 

Rocks, West and East . . 62 

Seating of first Meeting Ho. 164 



IV. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGK. 

Schools, common, 52 — Eaton, 
53— Select Boarding, 53— 
Webster, 53— First Lan- 
casterlan, 52 — Grammar, 
51 — Public Schools, Free, 
location, 53. 

State House 36 

Steam Boat, first from N. Y. 47 

Seamen, British, captured . 169 

Sabbath day Houses ... 33 

Seven Pillars, constituted, &c. 7 1 

Students, number of . . . 22 

Stiles, Pres,, inaguration of 135 

Stiles, Pres., notice of . . 147 

Sherman, Roger, notice of . 151 

Stamp Act repealed . . . 120 

Ship seen in the air . . . 79 

Southold, L. I., purchased 73 

Sabbath, first in N. Haven 66 

Stoves, when introduced . 60 
Signatur'Js of Generals GofT, 

Whalleyand Col. Dixwell 91 

Slaves advertised for sale . Ill 
Settlers in New Haven, list 

of, from 1639 to 1645 . 76 

Strangers, attention to . . 43 

Square, Public 37 

Town Paupers advertised . 112 

Tomlinson's Bridge ... 46 

Theatrical Entert'ments, <fec. 136 

Treaty with Momaugium . 68 



Trumbull, Dr., historian, on 
Prospect Hill .... 

Trumbull Gallery .... 

Trumbull Gallery, view of . 

Trumbull, John, hist, painter 

Tryon's official account of in- 
vasion of New Haven 

Tryon's Proclamation . . 

Turnpikes, &c 45 



PAQE. 

169 

17 

160 

159 

126 
125 



Union of N. Haven with Con. 
United Society .... 

Volunteers' work on fortifica- 
tions on Prospect Hill 



84 
25 



169 



Webster, Noah, notice of . 150 
Webster, Noah, view of his 

monument 150 

Webster, Noah, fac-simile of 

hand writing .... 151 

West Haven, incursion at . 138 

Whitney, Eli, notice of . , 153 

Wharf, Long 44 

Whalley, Gen,, notice of . 93 

Whalley,monum'nt (suppos'd) 102 
Whitefield, George, visits N. H. 85 

Wooster Square .... 39 

Yale College 11 

Yale, Elihu, notice of . . 14 

York Square .... 39 



CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 



The City of New Haven is a port of entry, seat of 
justice of the County, and semi-capital of Connecticut. 

It is beautifully situated on an extensive plain, at the 
head of a harbor or bay, w^hich extends inland four miles 
from Long Island Sound, and is nearly environed on all 
sides, except in this direction, by an amphitheater of hills; 
two of the most prominent presenting perpendicular pre- 
cipices from three to four hundred feet in height, called 
East and West Rock. 

The situation is about 76 miles N. E. of New York, 
and 160 miles S. W, of Boston, by railroad via Spring- 
field ; being nearly in a direct line between the two cities, 
Lat. 41° 18' 23" N.— Ion. 72° 56' 30" W. 

The Quinnipiac River forms the eastern boundary of 
the Town, and Mill River of the City ; West River 
forms part of the western boundary. The two latter are 
small mill streams affording water power to a limited 
number of manufactories, and discharging their waters 
into the harbor. The City was originally laid^ out in a 
plot half a mile square, which was divided into nine 
squares. As the population increased these were after- 
wards subdivided into smaller ones. From the original 
plot, the city has extended in all directions. Most parts 
exhibit a uniform, neat, and elegant appearance. 

There are several Public Squares in the city. The cen- 
tral one, commonly called the Green, is unequalled by 
but few in the country. It contains the State House, and 
three Churches, and is surrounded on all sides by rows of 
stately Elms. Wooster Square, in the eastern part of the 



10 

City, is also a beautiful inclosure ; also York Square and 
several smaller ones, in various parts of the city. 

The City enjoys the reputation of being one of the 
handsomest in the United States, and there is probably no 
other so extensively ornamented with as great a profu- 
sion of trees as this. The principal are the Elm and Ma- 
ple. From their great abundance in all the streets, New 
Haven is famiUarly called the ** City of Elms." 

The dwellings are scattered over a large space, leaving 
room for gardens and court yards, presenting a rural 
appearance. 

New Haven has long been celebrated for its literary 
advantages. Besides the College and Public Free Schools, 
there are a large number of Boarding-Schools of high 
standing, for youth of both sexes. 

There are four Cemeteries in different sections of the 
city, the principal are the City Burial Ground, in the 
northern, and the Evergreen Cemetery in the western 
part of the city. 

The prominent public edifices are the College Build- 
ings, the State House, upwards of 23 Churches — 10 
Congregational, 5 Episcopal, 3 Methodist-Episcopal, 2 
Baptist, 2 Catholic, 1 Universalist, and a number of 
smaller ones, a fine Railroad Station House, State Hospi- 
tal, Alms House, Orphan Asylum, Free Public School 
Houses, 8 incorporated Banks, Young Men's Institute, a 
large Government Building, (now erecting,) to be occu- 
pied as a Custom House, Post Office, and United States 
Courts, 3 large first class Hotels and many second class, 
&c. 

The city is lighted with Gas. 

New Haven has extensive Raih'oad communication 
with all parts of the country — also by steamboats. There 
is a large shipping business carried on with the West 
India Islands. 

The manufactories are very extensive, affording em- 
ployment for a large population. 

There are four Newspaper offices, issuing 3 Daily, 3 
Semi-Weekly, and 4 Weekly editions. There is also pub- 
lished the American Journal of Science and Arts, Yale 



11 

Literary Magazine, New Englander, and Church Re- 
view. — A more particular description of the various ob- 
jects mentioned will be given in a subsequent portion of 
the book. 

YALE COLLEGE. 

" This Seminary is commonly said to have been founded 
in the year 1700. In this year, ten of the principal min- 
isters, nominated by a general consent, both of the clergy 
and the inhabitants of Connecticut, viz. : Rev. James 
Noyes, of Stonington, Rev. Israel Chauncey, of Stratford, 
Rev. Thomas Buckingham, of Saybrook, Rev. Abraham 
Pierson, of Killingworth, Rev. Satnuel Mather, of Wind- 
sor, Rev. Samuel Andrew, of Milford, Rev. Timothy 
Woodbridge, of Hartford, Rev. James Pierpont, of New 
Haven, Rev. Noadiah Russel, of Middletown, and Joseph 
Webb, of Fairfield, met at New Haven, and formed them- 
selves into a society, which, they determined, should con- 
sist of eleven ministers, including a rector, and agreed to 
found a College in the colony. At their next meeting, 
which was in Branford the same year, each of them 
brought a number of books, and, presenting them to the 
society, said " I give these books for the founding a College 
in this Colony^ Antecedently to this event the subject 
had been seriously canvassed by the clergy, particularly 
Messrs. Pierpont, Andrew, and Russel, of Branford, and 
by the people at large, during the two preceding years, 
and had come thus far towards maturity. 

" The act of Legislature which gave birth to Harvard 
College was passed in 1636. Only ten years, therefore, 
elapsed after the beginning of a settlement in Massachu- 
setts before a college was commenced in earnest ; whereas 
sixty-five years passed away after the colonization of Con- 
necticut was begun, and sixty-three after that of New Ha- 
ven, before any serious attempt was made toward the found- 
ing of Yale College. But we are not hence to conclude that 
the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven were less 
friendly to learning than those of Massachusetts. The pro- 
ject of establishing a college in each of these colonies was 



12 

early taken up, but checked by well founded remonstrances 
from the people of Massachusetts, who very justly ob- 
served that the whole population of New England was 
scarcely sufficient to support one institution of this nature, 
and that the establishment of a second would, in the end, 
be a sacrifice of both. These considerations put a stop to 
the design for a considerable time." — Dr. Dwiglit. 

Of the serious intention of the New Haven colonists 
to establish a college, the following document, copied 
from the records of Guilford, furnish decisive evidence. 

** At a General Courts held at Guilfordy June 28, A. D. 

1652, 

" Voted : The matter about a College at New Haven 
was thought to be too great a charge for us of this juris- 
diction to undergo alone ; especially, considering the un- 
settled state of New Haven Town ; being publicly de- 
clared, from the deliberate judgment of the most under- 
standing men, to be a place of no comfortable subsistence 
for the present inhabitants there. But if Connecticut do 
join, the planters are generally willing to bear their just 
proportions for erecting and maintaining of a College 
there. However, they desire thanks to Mr. Goodyear, 
for his kind proffer to the setting forward of such a 
work." 

" In October, 1701, the Legislature granted the before- 
named gentleman a charter, constituting them " Trustees 
of a Collegiate School in his Majesty's Colony of Connec- 
ticut," and invested them with all the powers which were 
supposed to be necessary for the complete execution of 
their trust. The following November they chose one of 
their number, Mr. Pierson, Rector of the School, and 
determined that it should be fixed for the present at 
Saybrook. 

In the year 1702 the first Commencement was held at 
Saybrook, at which five young gentlemen received the 
degree of A. M. Four of them were graduates of Har- 
vard College. 

From this time many debates arose concerning the 
place where the school should finally be established, and 



13 

continued to agitate the community until the year 1718. 
In 1716 a majority of the Trustees voted on the 17th of 
October, to remove the school to New Haven. 

" Among the reasons why the Trustees preferred New Haven to 
other places in their memorial to the Legislature, Oct., 1717, were, 
the *' conveniency of its situation, agreeableness of the air and soil, 
the probability of providing what will be necessary for the conve- 
nience of the scholars as cheap or cheaper than at other places, 
together with many other weighty considerations to us satisfying ; 
whereunto may be added the largest sums of money by far sub- 
scribed by particular gentlemen for building an house for the 
school in said town," 

Four of their number, out of nine, were, however, 
strongly against it ; and the community was equally dis- 
united. The Trustees, nevertheless, proceeded to hold 
the Commencement the following year at New Haven, 
and to order a College to be erected. It was according- 
ly raised in October, 1717, and finished the following 
year.* 

"The building went forward apace, so that the hall and library 
were finished by Commencement. A few days before Commence- 
ment, came the news of the good success of some gentlemen's en- 
deavors to procure some donations from Great Britain. For at 
Boston arrived a large box of books, the picture and arms of King 
George, and two hundred pounds sterling worth of English goods, 
all to the value of eight hundred pounds in our money, from Gov- 
ernor Yale, of London, which greatly revived our hearts and dis- 
heartened our opposers. — [We were] favored and honored with the 
presence of his honor. Governor Saltonstall, and his lady, and the 
Hon. Col. Taylor, of Boston, and the Lieutenant Governor, and the 
whole Superior Court, at our Commencement, September 10th, 
1718, where the Trustees were present, — those gentlemen being pres- 
ent, — in the hall of our new College, first most solemnly named 
our College by the name of Yale College, to perpetuate the memory 
of the Hon. Gov. Elihu Yale, Esq., of London, who had granted so 
liberal and bountiful a donation for the perfecting and adorning of it. 



• The excited feelings of the people of Saybrook were shown in violently re- 
sisting the attempts to convey the library to New Haven — a resistance carried so 
far that the door of the house where it was kept had to be broken in, and the civil 
force of the county to be called out for the protection of the books, while the 
wagons for transporting the books were invaded by night, many of the books 
carried away, and some of the bridges torn down upon the road to New Haven. 
About two hundred and sixty volumes were wanting when the rest, above a thou- 
eand in number, were put up in the library of the new collegiate building. 



14 

Upon -which the honorable Col. Taylor represented Governor Yale 
in a speech expressing his great satisfaction ; which ended, we 
passed to the Church, and there the Commencement was carried 
on. In which affair, in the first place, after praj'er, an oration was 
had by the Saluting orator, James Pierpont, and then the disputa- 
sions, as usual ; which concluded, the Rev. Mr. Davenport [one of 
the Trustees, and minister of Stamford] offered an excellent oration 
in Latin, expressing their thanks to Almighty God, and Mr. Yalo 
under him, for so public a favor and so great regard to our Ian 
guishing school. After which were graduated ten young men ; 
whereupon the Hon. Governor Saltonstall, in a Latin speech, con- 
gratulated the Trustees in their success, and in the comfortable ap- 
pearance of things Avith relation to their school. All which ended, 
the gentlemen returned to the College Hall, where they were en- 
tertained with a splendid dinner, and the ladies, at the same time, 
were also entertained in the Library : after which they sung the 
first four verses in the 6oth Psalm, and so the day ended.* 

President Woolsey adds : " The ladies were put upon an intel- 
lectuel diet, while the gentlemen had access to the good things 
•which the hall afforded." 

" This building they were enabled to erect by a consid- 
erable number of donations, which they had received for 
this purpose, both within and without the colony. Their 
principal benefactor, both during this period and all 
which have succeeded, was the Legislature, 

" Among the individuals who disting^uished themselves 
by their beneficence to this infant institution was the Hon. 
Elihu Yale, Esq., of London. This gentleman was de- 
scended of an ancient and respectable family in Wales. 
His father, Thomas Yale, Esq., came from England with 
the first colonists of New Haven. In this town his son, 
Elihu, was born, April 5th, 1648. He went to England 
at ten years of age. and to Hindoostan at thirty. In that 
country he resided about twenty years, was made Gov- 
ernor of Madras, and married the widow of Governor 
Himmers, his predecessor. Having acquired a large for- 
tune, he returned to London, was chosen Governor of the 
East India Company, and died at Rexon, July 8th, 1721. 

This gentleman sent, in several donations, to the Col- 
legiate School, ^£500 sterling, between 1714 and 1718; 
and a little before his death, ordered goods to be sent out 
to the value of 6€500 more, but they were never re- 
ceived. 

* MS. of Dr. Johnson, afterwards President Columbia College. 



15 

*• In gratitude to this benefactor, the Trustees, by a sol- 
emn act, named their Seminary Yale College ; a name 
which, it is believed, will convey the memory of his be- 
neficence to distant generations." 

The first College, which was erected at this time, was 
built of wood, one hundred and seventy feet long, twen- 
ty-two feet wide, and three stories high ; contained near 
fifty studies, besides the Hall, Library, and Kitchen, and 
cost about c£1000 sterling. 

This building stood facing College-street, near Chapel, 
in front of the present South College. The Kitchen was 
an appendage to it in the rear, at the south end, and com- 
municated with the Dining Hall, which extended across 
the College building. This hall was also used for prayers 
and public meetings. The Library room was immedi- 
ately over the Hall. 

There were three doors or entrances in front. There 
have been several engravings of the building, but none 
of them correct. This College was taken down in 1782. 

" Before it was erected, the students were scattered in 
various places — as Milford, Killingworth, Guilford, Say- 
brook, Wethersfield, &c. Soon afterwards they all re- 
moved to New Haven. From this time the institution 
began to flourish. The number of the students was about 
forty, and the course of education was pursued with 
spirit. The benefactions, also, which it received were in- 
creased in number and value. 

" In the list of its principal benefactors was the Rev. Dr. 
Berkley, Dean of Derry, in Ireland, and afterwards 
Bishop of Cloyne. This highly respectable man came to 
America in the year 1732, for the purpose of establishing 
a College in the Island of Bermuda. The project failed, 
however, for want of assistance from England which was 
promised him. While he was in America, he became ac- 
quainted with the Rev. Mr. Williams, and with the design 
and circumstances of the Seminary. With all these he was 
so well pleased that he made a present to it of a farm, 
which he had purchased at Rhode Island, and after his 
return to Europe sent to the Library ** the finest collec- 
tion of books that ever came together at one time into 
America."— -Pr^i'. Clap. 



IC 

** Jeremiah Dummer, Esq., of Boston, and the Hon. 
James Fitch, Esq., of Norwich, deserve to be mentioned 
as distinguished benefactors of the Institution. Sir Isaac 
Newton, Sir Richard Steele, Doctors Burnet, Woodward, 
Halley, Bently, Kennel, Calamy, Edwards, the Rev. Mr. 
Henry, and Mr. Whiston, presented their own works lo 
the Library. Many other respectable men afterwards 
made similar presents. 

" In 1745, a new charter, drawn by the Hon. Thomas 
Fitch, Esq., of Norwalk, afterwards Governor, was g'ven 
to the Trustees ; in which they were named The Presi- 
dent and Felloivs of Yale College. This is the present 
charter of the Institution." — Dwiglit. 

In 1745, the State granted a Lottery, in order to raise 
funds for the purpose of building another College. This 
College was commenced in 1750, and occupied in 1756. 
It was built of brick, three stories high, and 100 feet long 
by 40 wide, containing 32 rooms, with a cellar under the 
whole. A fourth story was added in 1798. It was called 
Connecticut Hall. This building, the oldest upon the 
College grounds, is still standing, having survived one 
hundred years, and is now called the South Middle Col- 
lege. 

The Old Chapel was begun in 1761, and finished in 
1763. The slips in the audience room faced the middle 
aisle. Over this was the philosophical chamber, a large 
room where lectures were given. It originally had a 
spire 125 feet in height. This buildine: has been altered, 
and is now called the Athenaeum. 

In 1782 a brick Dining Hall was built in the rear of 
the other buildings, one story in height. It was subse- 
quently enlarged, and was occupied as a dining hall until 
1819. It is now used as a Laboratory, where Chemical 
lectures are given. 

In 1793, Union Hall, now called South College, was 
commenced, and finished July, 1794. It contains the 
usual number of rooms, (32,) and each room has two 
lodging rooms adjoining. 

In 1803-4 the Lyceum was built. The building con- 
tains recitation rooms and rooms for professors. The Li- 



17 

brary at one lime was kept in this building. The first 
Chemical lectures were given in the rear basement. 

Berkeley Hall, the present North Middle College, 
dates from the same year. 

In 1819 a new Dimng Hall was built — two stories, with 
a basement for a kitchen. The Commons were aban- 
doned in 1843. For several years previous to this, stu- 
dents were permitted to board out under certain restric- 
tions. Since that time they have boarded in families. 
The building is now occupied for lecture-rooms on the 
principal floor, and above for the large Mineralogical 
Cabinet. 

The Mineralogical and Geological Cabinet, 
now embraces over 30,000 specimens. The amount of 
funds hitherto expended upon it, mostly through the lib- 
erality of the friends of the College, is over $25,000. In 
1853 it was refitted and re-arranged at an expense of 
$1500, and considerable additions of specimens have also 
been made. It is especially rich in minerals, and is also 
liberally furnished with specimens illustrating the several 
geological formations. There is an extensive collection 
of Meteorites, including the largest mass of meteoric iron 
in any public collection in the world. 

In 1822 the present North College was built. 

In 1824 the present Chapel was erected. It has rooms 
over the audience room. The library was kept in the 
attic until 1843. 

Trumbull Gallery — This building was erected in 

1831, and is divided into two apartments. 

Ths North Gallery contains the collection of original 
pictures by Col. Trumbull, which was arranged here in 

1832, under the eye of the artist. At his death, in 1843, 
the pictures became the properly of the College, upon the 
condition that the proceeds of the exhibition should be 
for ever applied in aid of the education of indigent stu- 
dents in Yale College. 

The eight Historical Pictures of scenes in the American 
Revolution — the originals; from which were painted by 
the artist, those now in the rotunda of the National Capi- 
tol — with portraits of many of the actors on both sides, 
form an unique feature of this gallery, and give it a high 
value. 



18 

The South Gallery contains about sixty pictures, includ- 
ing portraits of many whose names are intimately con- 
nected with the early history of the College and of the 
Colony, likewise, Statuary, Medals, &c. On the ground 
floor is the Treasurer's office, and a Theological lecture 
room.* 

Divinity College, occupied principally by Theo- 
logical students, stands near Elm-street, on a line with the 
other buildings, and was erected in 1835. 

In 1842 the Library Building was commenced, and oc- 
cupied the next year. The exterior is not yet completed. 
It is built of Portland free-stone, 151 feet in length. It 
contains the College Library, consisting of between 30 
and 40,000 volumes, likewise the Libraries of the Li- 
nonian and Brothers' Societies, containing from 25 to 
30,000 volumes. The building cost $35,000. 

The Graduates' Hall was built in 1852, of Portland 
free-stone, and is 100 feet long by 52 wide. The cost of the 
building was $27,000. The first floor is one large room 
for meetings of the graduates, and for other purposes. 
The Linonian and Brothers Societies occupy each splen- 
did rooms on the second story, which are gorgeously fur- 
nished. This building is on a line with the Library 
Building, near the north-west corner of the College 
grounds, and is a noble structure. 

Analytical .Laboratory. — This building was biii!t 
early in the present century, for a dwelling-house for 
President Dwight, and was occupied by him until his 
death, in 1817. After this. President Day occupied it 
until he resigned his presidency, in 1846. 



A specimen of the bill of fare more than one hundred 
years since, we quote from President Woolsey. 

" The following rations of commons voted by the Trustees in 
1742 will show the state of College fare at that time. ' Ordered, 
that the steward shall provide the commons for the scholars as fol- 
lows, viz. : for breakfast, one loaf of bread for four, which shall 

• The remains of Col. Trumbull and his wife are deposited in a vault brnenth 
this building. 



19 

weigh one pound. For dinner for four, one loaf of bread as afore- 
said, two and a half pounds of beef, veal, or mutton, or one and 
three-quarter pounds salt pork about twice a week in the summer 
time, one quart of beer, two pennyworth of sauce, [vegetables.] 
For supper for four, two quarts of milk and one loaf of bread, 
■when milk can conveniently be had, and when it cannot then ap- 
ple-pie, which shall be made of one and three-fourth pounds dough, 
one quai'ter pound hog's fat, two ounces sugar, and half a peck 
apples." 

In referring to olden times, the following customs or 
rules would be considered rather stringent at the present 
time. It was printed, says President Woolsey, as early as 
1764, and was entitled " Freshman Laws." 

" It being the duty of the Seniors to teach Freshmen the laws, 
usages, and customs of the College, to this end they are empowered 
to order the wliole Freshman class, or any particular member of it, 
to appear, in order to be instructed or reproved, at such time and 
place as they shall appoint ; when and where every Freshman shall 
attend, answer all proper questions, and behave decently. The 
Seniors, however, are not to detain a Freshman more than five 
minutes after study-bell, without special order from the President, 
Professor, or Tutor. 

" The Freshmen, as well as all other undergraduates, ai*e to be 
uncovered, and are forbidden to wear their hats (unless in stormy 
weather) in the fi'out door-yard of the President's or Professor's 
house, or within ten rods of the person of the President, eight rods 
of the Professor, and five rods of a Tutor, 

" The Freshmen are forbidden to wear their hats in College-yard, 
(except in stormy weather, or when they are obliged to carry some- 
thing in their hands,) until May vacation ; nor shall they after- 
wards wear them in College or Chapel, 

" No Freshman shall wear a gown, or walk with a cane, or ap- 
pear out of his room without being completely dressed, and with 
his hat ; and whenever a Freshman either speaks to a superior, or 
is spoken to by one, he shall keep his hat off until he is bidden to 
put it on. A Freshman shall not play with any members of an 
upper class, without being asked ; nor is he permitted to use any 
acts of familiarity with them, even in study-time. 

" In case of personal insult, a Junior may call up a Freshman 
and reprehend him, A Sophomore in like case must obtain leave 
from a Senior, and then he may discipline a Freshman, not detain- 
ing him more than five minutes, after which the Freshman may 
retire, even without being dismissed, but must retire in a respect- 
ful manner, 

" Freshmen are obliged to perform all reasonable errands for 
any superior, always returning an account of the same to the per- 
son who sent them. , When called, they shall attend, and give a 



20 

respectful answer ; and when attending on their superior, they are 
not to depart until regularly dismissed. They are responsible for 
all damage done to any thing put into their hands by w^ay of er- 
rand. They are not obliged to go for the undergraduates in study- 
time, without permission obtained from the authority ; nor are they 
obliged to go for a graduate out of the yard in study-time. A 
Senior may take a Freshman from a Sophomore, a Bachelor from a 
Junior, and a Master from a Senior. None may order a Freshman 
in one play-time to do an errand in another. 

" When a Freshman is near a gate or door belonging to College 
or College yard, he shall look ai^ound and observe whether any of 
his superiors are coming to the same ; and if any are coming with- 
in three rods, he shall not enter without a signal to proceed. In 
passing up or down stairs, or through an entry or any other nar- 
row passage, if a Freshman meets a superior, he shall stop and give 
•way, leaving the most convenient side — if on the stairs, the ban- 
nister side." Freshmen shall not run in College yard, or up or 
down stairs, or call to any one through a College window. When 
going into the chamber of a superior, they shall knock at the 
door, and shall leave it as they find it, whether open or shut. 
Upon entering the chamber of a superior, they shall not speak un- 
til spoken to ; they shall reply modestly to all questions, and per- 
form their messages decently and respectfully. They shall not 
tarrv in a superior's room after they are dismissed, unless asked 
to sit. They shall always rise whenever a superior enters or 
leaves the room where they are, and not sit in his presence until 
permitted. 

" These rules are to be observed not only about College, but 
everywhere else within the limits of the City of New Haven." 



The following extract from President Woolsey relates 
to the office of the Butler and the Buttery formerly 
connected with the College : 

" The classes, since 1817, when the office of butler was abolished, 
are probably but little aware of the meaning of that singular ap- 
pendage to the College, which had been in existence a hundred 
years. To older graduates the lower front corner room of the old 
Middle College in the south entry must even now suggest many 
amusing recollections. The butler was a graduate of recent stand- 
ing, and, being invested with rather delicate functions, was required 
to be one in whom confidence might be reposed. The chief prerogative 
of the butler was to have the monopoly of certain eatables, drinkables, 
and other articles desired by students. The Latin laws of 1748 give 
him leave to sell in the buttery cider, metheglin, and strong beer to the 
amount of not more than twelve barrels annually — which amount, 
as the College grew, was increased to twenty — together with loaf 
sugar (' saecharum rigidum,') pipes, tobacco, and such necessaries of 
scholars as were not furnished in the commons hall. Some of these 



21 

necessaries were books and stationery, but certain fresh fruits also 
figured largely in the butler's supply. No student might buy cider 
or beer elsewhere. The butler, too, had the care of the bell, and 
was bound to wait upon the President or a Tutor and notify him 
of the time for prayers. He kept the book of fines, which was no 
small task. He distributed the bread and beer provided by the 
steward in the Hall into equal portions, and had the lost commons, 
for which pi'ivilege he paid a small annual sura. He was bound 
in consideration of the profits of his monopoly to provide candles 
at College prayers, and for a time to pay also fifty shillings into 
the treasury. The more menial part of these duties he performed 
by his waiter." 

The Faculty, to whom is intrusted the government and 
instruction of the students in the Academical department, 
consists of a President, 17 Professors, and 8 Tutors, be- 
sides instructors in various departments. The general 
management of the College is under the direction of the 
Corporation, consisting of the President, Governor, and 
Lieutenant-Governor of the State, ten clergymen, and 
six of the eldest members of the State Senate. The 
whole course of instruction occupies four years. In each 
year there are three terms or sessions. Commencement 
is held on the last Thursday in July in each year. There 
are several other departments connected with the College. 

The Theological Department has several Professors, 
and the students occupy rooms in Divinity College free 
of expense. The course of instruction occupies three 
years. Students at the end of two years, after an exam- 
ination, if duly qualified, are licensed to preach. 

The Liaio Department ha^ two Professors, Lectures 
are given in the Law Building, on the corner of Church 
and Court-street. 

Medical Department. — A charter for a medical institu- 
tion was obtained in 1813. Lectures commenced in 
1814. There are now six Professors. The Lectures 
continue four months. A Medical and Surgical Clinique 
is held every Monday at the Hospital, where a variety of 
medical and surgical cases are presented. 

The Medical College contains an extensive Anatomical 
Museum, a Cabinet of Materia Medica and Specimens in 
in Natural History. The building is on the corner of 
Grove-street and Smith Avenue, fronting College-street, 



22 

There is also the Department of Philosophy aud the 
Arts, including Civil Engineering . 

Yale College has graduated more students than any- 
other in the country, with the exception of Harvard. 
Its influence is felt throughout the length and breadth of 
our land, and, in fact, throughout the world. 

When the first College building was erected, very little 
of the land on this square was owned by the Trustees. 
North of the College, fronting on College-street, were 
several dwelling-houses, the County. House, Jail, &c. 

Until comparatively a recent period, fronting on Cha- 
pel-street, about six rods west of the South College, was 
a small building occupied as a dwelling-house and store. 
Next west was a dwelling-house, now removed into High- 
street. West of this was an old dwelling, being one of 
the^;*5^ settlers, standing back from the street, and other 
buildings still standing at the west. 

On the north-west corner of the College square was 
another old dwelling, being one of the oldest in the City, 
with a steep roof, the end standing towards the street. 
The house in front of Divinity College was occupied for 
about twenty years by Rev. Claudius Herrick, as a school 
for young ladies. It was a school of an high order, and 
was resorted to by scholars from all parts of the State, 
and by many from other States. The entire square on 
which the College buildings are erected is now owned by 
the Corporation. 

The number of students on the College catalogue 
(1855-6) are as follows : 

Professional Students, 

Theological Students, . . 25 I Law Students, . .26 

Medical " .32 Students in Phil, and Arts, 63 



JJndergraduates. 



Seniors, 
Junioi's, 

Total, 



g"? 


Sophomores, 


. Ill 


Ill 


Freshmen, . 

619. 


154 



23 



HOUSES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP IN NEW 
HAVEN. 

The first meeting-house was commenced in 1639, and 
built of wood, fifty feet square. It was situated near the 
center of the lower green, and surmounted with a tur- 
ret, in which a sentinel was placed on the Sabbath, to give 
the alarm in case of any sudden incursions of hostile In- 
dians. A military guard was likewise stationed in the 
house. The town owned six pieces of artillery ; three 
of them were placed near the meeting-house, and three 
at the '* water side," near the landing. The congrega- 
tion were called together by the beat of the drum. The 
hcflise was not thoroughly built, and was occupied but 
about thirty years.* 

The second house of worship was built near the same 
location in 1668, but not completed until some time after. 
This house had a pyramidal roof, upon the top of which 
was suspended a bell.^j- The person who rung the bell 
standing in the broad aisle beneath. As the town in- 
creased, the house was subsequently enlarged. 

The students in the College worshipped on the Sab- 
bath with this Society until the old College Chapel was 
built, in 1763. 

" In 1719, by request of the Trustees, the students of 
the collegiate school (Yale College) were permitted to 
sit in the seats of the front gallery, exclusive of the front 
seat, on payment of one shilling a head on entering the 
seats, and two shillings per annum thereafter. In 1721, 
five of the scholars were permitted to sit in the front 
seat. In 1722, a part of the gallery was set apart for 
twenty years to the use of the students, the Trustees of 
the College paying therefor ^£30, and keeping the win- 

* For a very interesting history of the rise and progress of this 
Church, and many other things appertaining to the history of New 
Haven, see Thirteen Discourses on the Completion of the Two 
Hundred Years from the Beginning of the First Church in New Ha- 
ven, with an Appendix, by Rev. Dr. Bacon, Pastor of the First 
Church in New Haven : pp. 400. Published by Durrie <fe Peck, 
New Haven, 1839. 

t This bell was purchased from a trading vessel in the harbor. 



24 

dows and seats above them in repair. In 1726-7, the so- 
ciety had so much increased as to make it necessary to 
build another range of galleries above the then galleries. 

" In 1728 it was voted that the constables and grand- 
jurors do their utmost to prevent disorder in going up 
and down stairs." 

In those days the congregation had seats assigned them 
in the Church ; the males sitting on one side, and the fe- 
males on the other, according to their ages and rank in 
society. 

It was customary at an early period for the congrega- 
tion to rise when the minister read from the Bible, or the 
text, " as a token of reverence for the Word of God." 
It will be remembered that a similar custom prevailed in 
our churches up to about the year 1815, viz. : when two 
clergymen were in the desk, the one that did not officiate 
arose when the other announced the text. 

Up to about 1813-14 the deacons sat directly in front 
of the pulpit behind the communion table. 

The third edifice, then called the New Brick Meeting- 
HousE, was completed in 1757. It stood mostly in front 
of the Center Church, fronting on Temple-street. The 
tower or steeple projected from the noth end. The front 
steps encroached upon the street. There were three en- 
trances, one in front, one through the tower, and one at 
the south end. The pulpit was on the west side of the 
house. The stairs to the gallery were in the body of the 
house, in the front corners, and not inclosed. Square 
pews in the body of the house. This house was taken 
down in 1812, to be replaced by the present commodious 
edifice. 

The Center Church — This house was built in 1813- 
14, at an expense of $34,000. The height of the spire 
is 196 feet. It was dedicated Dec. 27, 1814. Most of 
the building stands upon a part of the old burying-ground. 
The names of those whose monuments are beneath the 
Church are inscribed on marble tablets on the wall in the 
vestibule. The interior of the house was altered in 
1842-3. The pulpit and galleries were lowered, and the 
walls painted in fresco. An organ was introduced in 1855 .* 

* The tliree Churches on the public square were built during the 



25 

White Haven Church. — This society commenced their 
worship in the dwelling house of Timothy Jones, on the 
north-west corner of State and Court-streets. The first 
house of worship built for this Society was situated on 
the south-east corner of Elm and Church-streets, in the 
year 1744. In 1764 the house was enlarged by adding 
to it sixteen feet on the westerly side, together with a 
tower or steeple sixteen feet square, which encroached 
upon the side-walk several feet. It was called the Blue 
Meeting-House.* The seats in the body of the house 
were square pews. The railings upon the backs and 
sides of these pews were elevated about six inches, and 
supported with small turned pillars, about three inches 
from each other. This manner of finishing was consid- 
ered ornamental. There were two central aisles, crossing 
each other at right angles. The pulpit was in the east end. 
There were seats made in the tower, back of the front 
gallery, for colored people. This house was taken down 
in 1815-]6.t 

The Fair Haven Church. — The Fair Haven house 
of worship was situated near the present site of the 
North Church, and was built in 1772 ; the tower or stee- 
ple fronting south. The entrance was through and on 
each side of the tower. The pulpit was at the north 
end. There were slips in the center of the house, and 
pews adjoining the walls. 

In the year 1796 this Society, which separated from 
White Haven Society, united with it again, and became 
the United Society. After the union the society occupied 
both houses alternately, one month each. In 1813, this 
arrangement becoming inconvenient, and both houses re- 

last war with Great Britain. Commodore Hardy at that time 
commanded the squadron that blockaded the harbors on the Sound. 
Most of the timber for building these Churches was brought from 
Connecticut River, permission having been obtained of him for that 
purpose, he remarking that "he made no war with religion" 

* The Bhie here spoken of was Slate or Leadaolov — a mixture of 
white lead and lampblack. 

t For quite a number of years the bell in this Church was rung 
at 6 o'clock A. M., in summer, and 7 in winter, the bell of the Episco- 
pal Church at 12, M., and the bell of the Center Church at 9 o'clock 
m the evening. 

3 



26 

quiring repairs, it was wisely concluded to pull them both 
down, and build a new one, which resulted in the erec- 
tion of the present. 

North Churcu. — This house was built of brick du- 
ring the years 1814-15, and was dedicated Dec. 20, 1815. 
It has a lecture-room in the rear of the gallery in the 
tower. The cost of the house, including the chandelier, 
(exclusive of the organ,) was $32,724.58. 

In 1850 a recess was added to the rear of the build- 
ing; the exterior walls painted; the galleries lowered; 
a new pulpit of rosewood, of great beauty, exchanged 
for the old one of mahogany, and the interior of the 
house entirely remodeled, with the introduction of gas, 
at an expense of $10,000. The audience room is sur- 
passed by few, if any, in our country.* 

Third Congregational Society. — The Church in 
this society was organized Septemper 6th, 1826, by 29 
members from the United and First Societies. They 
commenced worship in the Orange Street Lecture Room 
until the present Chapel-street edifice was built, in 1828-9. 
This house was owned by stockholders, a majority of 
whom, in process of time, did not belong to the society. 

After a few years, part of the Church and congregation 
vacated this house and worshipped in a separate building 
until they built their house of worship in Court-street, 
which was occupied Dec. 7, 1841 ; still retaining the 
name of the Third Congregational Society. The cost of 
this house, including the land, was about $15,000.f 

In 1855-6 the society built their new edifice in Church- 
street, a few rods north of Chapel-street, on the site of 
the former mansion of the late Judge Chauncey. It is 
built of Portland stone, in the Norman style, with a stee- 
ple 206j feet in height. The house, besides the audience 
room, contains a lecture room in the rear, under the same 



* For a particular history of the "White Haven and Fair Haven 
Chui'ches. and of the United Society, see History of the North 
Church in New Haven, in three sermons, by Rev. Samuel W. S. 
Dutton, Pastor of the Church. New Haven,' A. II. Maltbv, 1842 : 
pp. 138. 

t This house has been sold for a Jewish Synagogue. 



27 

roof, and a Sunday-School room. Cost of the house, 
$33,000; lot, $16,000; total, $49,000. 

Chapel Street Congregational Church. — The 
Chapel Street Congregational Church was organized 
November 4, 1838. The house of worship, as bef)re 
mentioned, was built in 1828-9, on the corner of Chapel 
and Union-streets. About the year 1847, seventeen feet 
was added to the rear of the building, and the interior of 
the house improved and furnished with a marble pulpit. 

In 1855 the vestibule was enlarged toward the street, 
in order that a Lecture room might be made above, in the 
rear of the front gallery. The two steeples formerly 
upon the Church were taken down, and one erected in- 
stead. In the basement, on Union-street, are severa 
stores. 

College Street Congregational Church. — This 
Church was formed August 31sl, 1831, as a free Church. 
They commenced public worship in the Orange Street 
Lecture Room on the first Sabbath in September. In 
June, 1833, they removed to the hall in the Exchange 
Building, until their house of worship was erected in 
Church-street, which they occupied September 11th, 
1836. 

Their present house of worship is situated on the west 
side of College-street, between Chapel and Crown-streets. 
It was built in 1849, at a cost of $20,000. 

It has a Lecture Room in the rear of the audience 
room, under the same roof, and a room above for a La- 
dies' Sewing Society belonging to the congregation. It 
is built of brick, with a steeple 188 feet in height. The 
free Church system was given up some years since. 

Temple Street Congregational Church. — [Col- 
ored.) — This Church was organized August 25, 1829. For 
a while they worshipped in the old Methodist Church. 
The present house of worship is built of brick, and was 
commenced in 1854, and completed in June, 1845. It is 
situated on the east side of Temple-street, between Crown 
and George. 

Howe Street Congregational Church. — This 
Church is situated on the corner of Howe and Martin 
streets. It was built of wood, in the year 1840. It has 



28 

a Lecture Room in the basement, and also a steeple and 
bell. A Church organ is now being introduced, (1856.) 
This Church was first organized, by the name of the 
"Park Street Church," consisting of forty-nine members 
from the other Churches in the City. They commenced 
public worship in a room fitted up for that purpose, on 
the westerly side of Park-street. After their present 
Church was finished the name of the Society was altered. 

South Congrgational Church. — This house was built 
of sand-stone, in 1851, on the corner of Columbus and 
Liberty streets. It has a tower fronting on Columbus- 
street, which sustains a fine-toned bell. A Chapel is 
built in the rear of like material, separate from the 
Church, containing a Lecture Room below, and above 
two rooms, one for the Study of the Pastor, and another 
large room occupied by a Ladies' Benevolent Association 
belonging to the Society. 

This house and Chapel was built, and public worship 
sustained to the present time (1856) principally by the 
munificence of Gerard Hallock, Esq. 

WoosTER Place Church. — This house was erected in 
1854-5, and is situated on the east side of Wooster Square, 
a little south of Green-street, and was dedicated August 
9, 1855. It is built of brick, and stuccoed. The Church 
was organized January, 1856. 

The building cost, exclusive of the land, $28,000. The 
steeple is 237 feet in height, being the highest in the 
State. 



PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

The first Episcopal Church was built of wood, on the 
east side of Church-street, about eight rods south of Cha- 
pel, in the year 1754-5. An addition to the building was 
subsequently made. It had a steeple, with a crown upon 
the top of it. The building was taken down soon after 
Trinity Church was completed. 

Trinity Church.-— This edifice was built in 1814-15, 
at an expense of about $28,000. It is built of stone from 



39 

West Rock, in the Gothic style of architecture, with a 
lofty tower, and is one of the largest in the City. It stands 
on the south side of the Green, fronting Temple-street. 

Christ Church, on the Corner of Park and Maple- 
streets, is a Chapel of Trinity, and was consecrated Jan. 
Sth, 1854. It is built of wood. 

St. Paul's Church. — St. Paul's Chapel was built of 
East Haven sand-stone, in 1828-9, at an expense of about 
$17,000, including the land. It formed a part of Trinity 
Parish until 1845, when the Parish was divided, and the 
Chapel constituted into a separate and independent Society, 
by the name of St. Paul's Church ; several thousand 
dollars were immediately expended in remodeling the in- 
terior, and greatly improving the edifice. Its organ is 
considered the best in the City. 

The Mission Chapel, on the corner of State and Eld- 
streets, is sustained by the congregation of St. Paul's, and 
dedicated in Oct., 1852. It is built of wood. 

St. Thomas' Church. — This Parish was organized 
February 24th, 1848. Its services were commenced in 
the Orange Street Lecture Room, on Easter Sunday, 
April 23d, where they were continued for more than a 
year. To accommodate the increased congregation, a lot 
was purchased, and a temporary Chapel of brick erected, 
which was first opened for divine service August 12th, 
1849. The Chapel and land cost about $8,000. In March, 
1854, this Chapel was taken down, and the foundation of 
the present beautiful Church begun. The Church was 
completed and consecrated April 19th, 1855. Its cost, 
exclusive of the land, organ, and furniture, was about 
$27,000. 

St. Luke's Episcopal Church. — (Colored.) — This 
Church is built of wood, and is situated on the east side 
of Park street, between Crown and George. 



METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

The first Methodist Episcopal Church was organized 
in the year 1795. The Society commenced their worship 

3* 



30 

in Greo-son-street, in an old building which had been 
used by the Sandemanians in the year 1797. About the 
year 1807, a lot was purchased on the east side of Tem- 
pie-street, between Crown and George-streets — the pres- 
ent site of the brick African Church, and a house built 
of wood, 40 by 30 feet. 

In July, 1820, the Society obtained permission of the 
City to build a new Church on the north-west corner of 
the Upper Green, in a line with the North Church, and 
20 feet from College- street, provided it should be built of 
solid materials. 

Rev. William Thatcher was instrumental in collecting 
Cinds sufficient to accomplish the object. In 1821, May 
15th, the corner stone was laid, and the building pro- 
gressed with remarkable rapidity, so that the roof was 
nearly completed, and the house inclosed, by the 3d of 
September. On that night the memorable September 
Oale demolished the building. Other buildings were 
blown down in this and other towns, and an immense 
amount of damage was done on the sea-board. 

The house was immediately rebuilt and dedicated May 
23, 1822. The size of the house was 80 by 68 feet. 
This house was occupied by the society until the year 

1848, when some improvements were contemplated on 
the building. At this time the City proposed to give the 
Society ^ye thousand dollars provided they would remove 
the building from the public square and build upon a dif- 
ferent location. The offer was readily accepted, and the 
lot on the north-east corner of Elm and College-streets 
was secured for the purpose. 

The present First Methodist Church was built in 

1849. In addition to what the City gave them, individu- 
als not belonging to the Society subscribed about three 
thousand dollars, and Yale College gave $500. It faces 
Elm-street, and has a tower or steeple, with one of the 
largest and best toned bells in the City. 

The interior of the house is finished in modern style, 
with a marble pulpit. It has a Lecture and other rooms 
in the basement. The cost of the house, including the 
lot, was about $30,000. 

St. John Street Methodist Episcopal Church, on 



81 

St. John-street, was built in 1845. It has a steeple and 
bell. It faces Hughes-street. 

George Street Methodist Episcopal Church is 
situated on the south side of George-street, between 
Church and Orange-streets. It was built in 1853, and is 
a neat structure without a tower. 

Wesleyan M. E. Zion Church, (Colored,) is on the 
corner of Broad and Morocco-streets, and is built of 
brick. 

African M. E. Bethel Church, worship in a small 
building on Whalley Avenue. They have commenced 
building a new Church on the east side of Sperry-street. 

German M. E. Mission Church, occupy a room in 
Tyler's Building, 78 Chapel-street. 



First Baptist Church. — This Church was constituted 
in 1816, and first met in Amos Doolittle's Lodge Room, 
after that in Academy-street Academy, and then in the 
State House, until the present house was built, in 1824. 
It stands on the south side of Chapel-street, between 
Union and Oliye-streets. Built of stone and stuccoed. 
The building was enlarged in 1835. In 1850 the interior 
of the Church was altered, and the pulpit, which was in 
front, removed to the rear of the Church, and built of 
marble, and the walls painted in fresco. There is a Cha- 
pel in the rear connected with the Church. 

Academy Street Church was constituted in 1842. 
Their house of worship in situated on the corner of 
Green and Academy-streets. It is built of wood, and 
was erected in 1845. 



The first Catholic Church was built in 1834, on the 
corner of York-street and Davenport Avenue, and was 
consumed by fire in 1848, and not rebuilt. 

St. Mary's Catholic Church is on the west side 
of Church-street, between Crown and George-streets. It 
was built for a Free Church, and was occupied by the 
College-street congregation until they occupied their new 



32 

house. The first floor is occupied by schools for both 
sexes. 

St. Patrick's Church. — This is built of East Haven 
sand-stone, and is a large building. It is situated on the 
corner of Grand and Wallace-streets, and was built in 
1852-3. 



Congregation Mishkan Israel. — This Society ^yor- 
ship at present in a building over 75 State-street, but ex- 
pect to occupy their Church in Court-street in a few- 
weeks. 



First Universalist Society. — Their Church was 
built of brick, in 1850. It is situated on the corner of 
State and Court-street. The first floor is occupied with 
stores and offices. 



In addition to the Churches in the City there are three 
in Westville. 

The Congregational Church was built in 18)^5, and 
is of wood. 

The Episcopal, (St. James',) is of brick, and was built 
in 1837. 

The Methodist is of wood, and was built in 1852. It 
stands near the site of their old Church. 



There are three Societies in Fair Haven within the 
limits of the town. A Brick Church was built by the 
Congregationalists in 1829-30. As the Society increased, 
a new edifice was built of like materials in 1853-4, and 
the old Church vacated. The new Church has a lofty 
spire, and is finished in modern style. 

Another Society of the same denomination worship in 
a large room furnished for that purpose. 

The Methodist Church is of wood, and was built in 
1835» 



SABBATH DAY HOUSES, &c. 

Stoves and furnaces were not introduced into our 
houses of worship until about the year 1820, and then 
not without strong opposition. It was customary for the 
gentlemen to c^rvy foot- stoves for the ladies, in order to 
keep their feet from freezing. Formerly many families 
attended public worship who lived out of the town. At 
that .time ** Sahhada Houses'' (as they were called) were 
built for their accommodation. 

These houses were of one story, containing two rooms about 12 
feet square, with a chimney between them, and a large fire-place 
in ea .-h. They were usually built by two or more families. Dry 
wood was kept in the house ready for use. Early preparation was 
made on Sabbath morning to be in season at the Church ; those 
living out of town were generally /rs< at the sanctuary. After de- 
positing in their saddle-bags some bread and cheese, with a few 
dough-nuts and apples, also a wooden bottle of cider, they started 
for the " Sabbada House," and built a roaring fire. After warming 
themselves, they' were ready to assemble in the Church at the hour 
of worship, and shiver with the cold during the services. During 
the intermission they resorted again to their warm room, and par- 
took of the cold collation already provided, and each in turn drank 
from the bottle. At the close of divine worship, after gatheiing up 
the fragments and extinguishing th« fire, they returned to their 
homes. 

We recollect seeing two of these houses in Church- street, nearly 
opposite the residence of Gov. Baldwin — these belonging to fami- 
lies living in Hamden. 

PUBLIC CEMETERIES. 

The old hurying-ground occupied the central part of 
the Upper Green. The State House and Center Church 
cover a portion of the ground. It was used an a burial 
place from the first settlement of the town (1638) up to 
the year 1705. The inclosure was octagonal, and was 
surrounded with a board fence painted red, which became 
by age faded and dingy. 

The inclosure being small, it was found necessary to 
secure a new location, in the words of the record, *' larger^ 
better arranged for the accommodation of families^ and, hy 
its retired situation, better calculated to irnpress the mind 
with a soleinnity becommg the repository of the dead^ 



34 

The place selected was the New Burial Ground, 
which is situated near the north-west part of the original 
nine squares, and is bounded southerly by Grove-street, 
westerly by Ashmun-street, northerly and north-easterly 
by Lock-street and the Canal Railroad, and east on Smith 
Avenue. It was laid out in 1796, and originally con- 
tained six acres, which was soon increased to ten. 

An act of incorporation was granted in October, 1797. 
It is supposed to be the first Cemetery that was laid out 
into family lots in the United States. 

In 1814, the ground was enlarged by the addition of 
al^out eight acres, so that the inclosure now contains 17 f 
acres. 

There are avenues running through it parallel with the 
east side of the inclosure, and othere crossing them at 
riffht anorles. 

The family lots were originally bounded 18 feet on the 
avenues and 32 feet deep. 

In 1821 the monuments in the old cemetery were re- 
moved to this, (with the exception of those under the Cen- 
ter Church,) and the ground leveled. 

In the year 1848-9 the wooden fence was removed, and 
a substantial one of hewn stone, eight feet in height, was 
erected on all sides except the front. In front is a dura- 
ble iron fence. At the entrance is an Egyptian gate-way, 
of Portland free-stone, with appropriate symbolical repre- 
sentations sculptured upon it, with this inscription : 

" THE DEAD SHALL BE RAISED." 

The interior of the inclosure is plentifully supplied with 
evergreen and other trees of various kinds. Within the 
fence and adjoining the wall, is a border thickly set with 
evergreens and shrubbery.* 

* The superintendence of the improvements in and about the 
Burial Ground was entrusted to a Committee, of which Hon. Aaron 
N. Skinner was chairman. The origin of the movement was mainly 
due to Mr. S., and he gave his personal attention to the work from 
first to last, without charge. To his zeal, liberality, and good taste 
in tlie execution of this undertaking, the public are under lasting 
obligations. He also gratuitously superintended the erection of 
the fence around the Public Square. 



35 



ing was as follows : 

Stone wall. 
Iron Fence, 
Gateway, . 
Planting Trees, &c., 


$11,000 
3,500 
5,600 
2,400 



The whole expense in inproving the ground and fenc- 

The City paid - . $7,000 

Raised by Subscription, 9,600 

Avails of Ladies' Fair, 854 

Lots sold, . . . 6,146 

$22,500 $22,500 

This inclosure contains the remains of many illustrious 
and distinguished men, both in Church and State, who 
were ornaments to society and benefactors of the human 
race, and whose names will go down to posterity as long 
as the English language is spoken. 



Evergreen Cemetery. — Owing to the difficulty of 
procuring lots in the one last described, the Evergreen 
Cernetery was laid out in 1849, and contains 13;^ acres, 
and is bounded easterly on West-street, about 760 feet ; 
fronting Sylvan Avenue, and extending back to the West 
Meadows. It is laid out mX.o family lots, and the ground 
ornamented with trees and shrubbery. 



There is a Cemetery at Westville, within the limits of 
the City, on the north side of Whalley Avenue, just be- 
fore descending the hill to the village. 

The Jews have one adjoining it on the westerly side. 

There is a Cemetery at Fair Haven within the limits 
of the town. 



The first Catholic Cemetery is near the corner of York- 
street and Davenport Avenue. It is a small inclosure, 
and is now not used for interments. 

The one now occupied is on the south side of Colum- 
bus-street, near the West Meadows, and was consecrated 
in 1851. 

FUNERALS. 

The method of conducting funerals was formerly very 
different from what is now practised. It was customary, 



36 

up to the year 1826, for wine or spirits to be furnished to 
the bearers, in a room appropriated for their use. The 
remains of a deceased person were borne to the grave 
on a bier, carried upon the shoulders of the bearers. 

A Committee was appointed in April, 1794, to procure 
a Hearse ; but it was not obtained until a few years after. 

It was formerly customary for mourners and friends 
(when the weather was pleasant) to walk to the place of 
sepulture ; as it was considered more solemn and appro- 
priate than riding ; occupying less time, and saving much 
unnecessary and often burdensome expense. 

Tolling the bell at funerals was practised until about 
the year 1830. 

STATE HOUSE. 

The first State House was built upon the Upper Green, 
north of the old cemetery, near College-street, in 1717. 
After the union of the Colonies of New Haven and Con- 
necticut, in 1665, the Legislature first met in this City in 
May, 1701.* " It was provided that hereafter the October 
session of the General Assembly, (previously called Gen- 
eral Court,) and of the Judicial Court of Assistants, 
should be holden at New Haven," — Col. Rec, 111 — 361. 

Formerly the Legislature held two sessions — the May 
session in Hartford, and the October session in this City. 
This was continued until 1818, when the new Constitu- 
tion was made. Since that time the Legislature meets in 
May of each year, alternately at New Haven and Hart- 
ford. 

It is presumed that the Legislature held their October 
sessions in the State House above mentioned, until the 
year 1763, when the New Brick State House was 
built. 

This was an elegant structure for those days. It stood 
fronting Temple-street, a few rods north of Trinity 
Church. The steps projected into the street, and had a 
wrought iron railing which was much admired. 

The first floor in early times was used for balls, and as 
a dining hall on great occasions. 

* The Upper House at the October session, in 1718, met in the 
Mall of the first College building. 



(=1 



,& 
^ 




37 

Early in the present century the house was enlarged in 
the rear to near double its original size ; the ganibrel 
roof was removed, and a Cupola placed upon the central 
part of it, which contained a bell. 

The Senate, or Upper House, as they were then called, 
occupied the south room of the second story, and the 
members of the Lower House the north room, in which 
was a narrow gallery for spectators ; the Court room 
and Jury room being on the first floor. The house was 
well elevated, having a basement for the storage of wood, 
&c. 

The present State House is situated near the westerly 
side of the Public Square, near College-street. Most Ox 
the building stands upon the site of the old Cemetery. It 
was located here by the Legislature of the State. The 
Town and County of New Haven paid $10,000 for the 
rooms they severally occupy. It is built in the Grecian 
Doric style. The basement is cased with Sing-Sing marble, 
and the walls above stuccoed. The Town Clerk's office, 
with that of the Judge of Probate and Clerk of the 
Courts, are in the basement 

PUBLIC SQUARE. 

Our ancestors wisely reserved this ground as a Public 
Market Place for the benefit of the town. Up to the year 
1798, the Public Square was not inclosed. It was trav- 
eled in all directions by ox-teams, and vehicles of all de- 
scriptions, being a common thoroughfare. In that year 
the following vote was passed : 

" Voted, that, in the opinion of this meeting, the railing in of the 
upper and lower sections of the Public Square in this City, on the 
eastern and western sides of Temple-street, would add to the con- 
venience of the citizens and beauty of the City, and that permission 
be granted to effect the same, under direction of James Hillhouse, 
David Austin, and Isaac Beers, Esqrs., in case the same be done with- 
out expense to the City.'" — City Record, May 8, 1798. 

In July, 1 799, is the following record : 

" Whereas it would add to the convenience of the citizens, and to 
the ornament of the City, that the Green or Public Square of the 
City should be leveled, and the upper and lower sections railed in, 

4 



38 

and suitable fences erected to preserve the same from the passing 
of carriages and teams, and that water courses should be prepared 
for conducting off the water, 

^' Voted, that the City doth consent that the same be done in such 
manner as Pierpont Edwards, James Hillhouge, and Isaac Beers, 
Esqrs. shall direct, and that they superintend and accomplish the 
BSLxne, provided the same Oe done without expense to the City.'^ 

We have understood that soon after the above votes 
were passed, subscriptions were taken up for the purpose 
of accomplishing the object. The grass was sold yearly 
to pay part of the expense, and to keep the fence in 
repair. 

In September, 1803, we find the following record : 

" Voted, that James Hillhouse, Isaac Beers, and ThaddeusBeecher, 
be a Committee to examine and adjust the accounts of Mr. David 
Austin, [to ascertain what he] expended in railing and ornament- 
ing the Green, and make report whether any thing, and if any 
thing, what sum is legally and equitably due to him from the City 
on account of moneys so expended." 

From the above record we should judge that the City 
finally paid a small amount for inclosing the Public 
Square. 

It is well known that the Elm trees in Temple-street 
were planted principally by James Hillhouse, Esq. They 
were broug:ht from his farm in Meriden. The best were 
selected for Temple-street, and those that remained were 
set on each side of Hillhouse Avenue, years before it was 
opened to the public. 

Mr. Hillhouse was the means of opening Temple-street, 
from Elm-street to Grove. Temple-street to the Hart- 
ford turnpike was opened years afterward. The house 
on the north-east corner of Grove and Temple-streets was 
removed to make room for the street. 

David Austin likewise did much to improve New Ha- 
ven. Due credit has never been awarded him. He set 
the row of Elms within the Lower Green parallel with 
Temple-street, and likewise those upon the east side. 
There was formerly a row upon the Upper Green, par- 
allel with College. street ; a few of them only remain. 
To him and Mr. Hillhouse belong the credit of leveling 
and improving the Green more than to any other persons. 



39 

It was not accomplished without opposition, both from 
persons in the City, and from those living in neighboring 
towns. 

There was a fence on both sides of Temple-street, 
making two inclosures — the Upper and Lower Green — 
up to the year 1843. In that year, they were thrown into 
one, and inclosed with a permanent iron fence, with gran- 
ite posts, at an expenditure of $6,946.23. What has 
given celebrity to New Haven more than any one thing, 
with the exception of Yale College, is its Public Square. 
To be viewed in all its beauty it must be seen in the 
months of May and June, when the trees are in full fo- 
liage. 

WOOSTER SQUARE 

Is situated in the eastern section of the City, and is 
bounded on the north by Green, east by Wooster, south 
by Chapel, and west by Academy-streets. It was opened 
in 1825, the City agreeing to pay not exceeding ^6000 
for the land, [t was first inclosed with a wooden fence, 
and contained five acres. In 1853, this was replaced with 
an iron fence, at an expense to the City of $4000. A 
great variety of trees were planted by individuals, at an 
expenditure of $1500. 

York Square. — This is a private inclosure, opened 
about the year 1836, in the northern part of the City. It 
is planted with trees, and is surrounded with private re- 
sidences. Entrance from Broadway. 

There are two small parks inclosed in Broadway, which 
add to the beauty of that part of the City. 

Franklin Square, in the north-east part of the City, 
between East and Wallace-streets, is not inclosed. 

COUNTY HOUSE AND JAIL. 

The first County House and Jail was built upon the 
Upper Green, between the old Cemetery and College- 
street. In April, 1784, measures were taken to remove 
the County House and Jail from the Green, and to pur- 
chase the lot on which Mr. Stephen Munson's barn then 



40 

stood, which was on the present College yard, near the 
street, in front of the Lyceum. This was afterwards ac- 
complished. The yard of the Jail was inclosed by tim- 
bers or plank,. placed side by side, and firmly secured to 
each other, and of sufficient height. Joseph Peck, being 
Jailor at this time, kept a public house connected with it. jj 
The building remained here until about the year 1800, m 
when it was removed into High-street. fl 

The present County House and Jail was built about 
that time. The original plan was to build the house two 
stories ; but, through the influence of James Hillhouse, 
Esq., it was built three, with a condition that he would 
pay for the extra story provided the County should re- 
quire it. 

The Prison in the rear and connected with the County 
House, has been taken down and improved since first 
built. It was formerly three stories high, and contained 
six large rooms. There are now two tiers of cells simi- 
lar to those in the State Prison at Wethersfield. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

The first Alms House built in this town, as far as we 
have any knowledge, was situated in front of the Trum- 
bull Gallery ; tlie entrance to it was from College-street, 
immediately south of the Jail. 

The second Alms House was built upon the south side 
of Maple-street, thirty rods beyond the Orphan Asylum, 
about the year 1800. It was built of wood, and con- 
tained eight rooms upon the first floor, and the same 
above — tlie kitchen being in the basement. 

Another building was subsequently erected, which was 
occupied as a kitchen, and for lodging-rooms. Likewise 
a stone building for a Chapel. In the basement there 
was a row of cells for the confinement of the refractory. 
The buildings were inclosed in 1815 with a high stone 
wall, so that there was no egress or ingress e-iLceT^llhvough. 
the gate with the permission of the keeper. 

The New Alms House, which is built of brick, was first 
occupied in 1852. It is a large building, and is situated 
near the West Meadows, at the head of Martin-street. 



41 

The cost of the house was $16,000. It is in a retired and 
healthy situation, and commands a handsome view. The 
occupants who are able, are employed in winter in pick- 
ing moss and hair, and in summer, working upon the 
town farm and garden. 

PUBLIC MARKETS. 

Permission was given in August, 1785, to build a Mar 
ket House upon the south-east corner of the Green, by 
subscription, which was accomplished. About the same 
time another Market was built in Union-street, east of the 
creek, near Chapel-street. 

About the time, the Green was inclosed with a fence, 
the Market which stood upon it was removed to the foot 
of Church-street, south of George. After standing some 
years it became a nuisance, and was demolished in the 
night season, ^^ loitliout autliorityP 

Many of our citizens will remember, that for quite a 
number of years meats were brought into the city and 
sold about the streets in two-wheeled vehicles covered 
with white canvass ; the owner sitting partly upon the 
shaft, and partly within and upon the bottom of the cart, 
with his feet dangling nearly to the ground. At an ear- 
lier period, meats were brought in upon horses in pan- 
niers (baskets) slung upon each side of the horse, with 
the owner astride. 

The Market in Union-street was subsequently enlarged 
and modernized, and for a few years was well supplied 
with meats and vegetables. It was nearly abandoned as 
a market before the ground was wanted for the Station- 
House. ^ 

From first to last the market laws caused a great deal 
of trouble, and were a source of much ill feeling among 
the citizens. The laws were all repealed June 6, 1826. 

Meats, fish, and vegetables are now sold in stores by 
individuals in all parts of the city. 

STATE HOSPITAL. 

The State Hospital is situated south-westerly from the 
center of the City, on high ground, commanding a view 



42 

of the City, harbor, and surrounding country. The Gen- 
eral Hospital Society obtained a charter in 1826, and the 
Legislature granted $5000. Subscriptions were taken up 
in this City, and other parts of the State, and the building 
was completed in 1832, costing about $15,000. 

Patients are received into the Hospital from all parts 
of the State. The usual charge for admission varies from 
three to Jive dollars per week, according to the accommo- 
dation and attendance required. The Legislature of the 
State have made an annual appropriation of Tivo Thou- 
sand dollars for the benefit of charity patients, on the 
same terms as the appropriation for the Retreat for the 

Insane at Hartford. No extra charo^e is made for medi- 

... 
cal or surgical attendance. There are six Physicians and 

Surgeons who attend at the Hospital two months each 
per year. They receive no compensation for their ser- 
vices. The Hospital is a strictly charitable institution, 

ORPHAN ASYLUM. 

The New Haven Orphan Society was incorporated in 
1833. It is a charitable institution, and under the direc- 
tion of ladies. 

The orphans for a few years occupied a house on Grove- 
street. After this, a building was purchased for them on 
the north side of Oak-street, beyond Day-street. An ad- 
dition was subsequently added to the building. 

In 1854, the number of children increasing, and the 
house not being sufficiently large for their accommoda- 
tion, James Brewster, Esq,, generously proposed to fur- 
nish funds for the erection of a new building, provided 
the Town would grant the Society four Acres of land, to 
be taken from the Town farm, on which to erect the 
building; and that the Society should relinquish to him 
the old premises. 

It is unnecessary to say that the proposition was ac- 
cepted both by the Town and Society. 

The New Oi^phan Asylum was soon after commenced, 
and first occupied Sept. 6th 1855. 

It is built of brick, three stories, except the wings, and 
stuccoed in imitation of white marble. It is furnished 



43 

with all the modern improvements, and will be a lasting 
tnonument to the munificence of the donor. 

The grounds are handsomely inclosed by a substantial 
wooden fence, furnished by Abraham Heaton, Esq., at an 
expense of $1,100. 

The cost of the building was $13,000. 

The architect, S. M. Stone, Esq., gave his sei vices gra- 
tuitously, and other individuals have generously contrib- 
uted about $4000 towards furnishing the house. The 
building, which is an ornament to the City, is situated 
about three-fourths of a mile from the corner of York- 
street and Broadway. 

Yearly contributions are taken up in most of our 
Churches for its support. The Town likewise votes them 
an annual sum, and assists them in other ways. The num- 
ber of children in 1856 is 60. 



ATTENTION TO STRANGERS. 

The following vote will show the interest the inhabit- 
ants manifested towards strangers coming into the City 
in " olden iimesy 

" At a meeting of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council, and 
Freemen of the City of New Haven, holden at the State House in 
said City (by adjournment) on the 23d day of Sept. 1784, 

''Voted, that Chas. Chauncey, Pierpont Edwards, James Hillhouse, 
Timothy Jones, Jonathan Ingersoll, David Austin, and Isaac Beers, 
Esqrs., be a Committee in behalf of tliis City to assist all such 
stran8;ers as shall come to the City for the purpose of settlement 
therein, in procuring houses and land on the most reasonable terms, 
and to prevent such persons, so far as possible, from being imposed 
upon with respect to rent, and the value of houses and lands, and 
to give them such information and intelligence with respect to bu- 
siness, markets, and connnerce, mode of living, customs, and man- 
ners as such strangers may need ; and to cultivate an easy acquaint- 
ance of such strangers with the citizens thereof, that their residence 
therein may be rendered as eligible and agreeable as possible. 

" Voted, also, that this vote be published in both puplic news* 
papers in the City for the following year. 

"Test. Timothy Jones, Clerh.'^ 



LONG WHARF. 

When the Town was first settled, vessels of a moderate 
draught could pass up the Creek on the east side of Fleet- 
street, as far as State-street. The icinter harbor was on 
the west side of Meadow-street, where vessels wintered. 

The Wharf was commenced in 1682, and extended into 
the harbor gradually. Ii^ 1748, it extended about twenty 
rods — in 1765, thirty rods. In 1760, a charter was ob- 
tained, by the name of Union Wharf Cortipany. 

In 1764, the Pier by the side of the channel was com- 
menced, and completed in 1770. The cargoes of large 
vessels were conveyed from the Pier to the Wharf in 
scows and boats for a number of years before the inter- 
mediate space was bridged. 

In 1791, a Lottery was granted to raise -$3000 to bridge 
part of the space between the end of the Wharf and 
Pier, which was accomplished in a few years after. 

In subsequent years, the wharf, needing repairs, and it 
being very desirable to make solid the part that was not 
bridged, and to extend the same to the Pier — the old Com- 
pany not having funds sufficient to accomplish the same, 
a new Company was formed, with certain conditions, 
called •' Contractors to rebuild and support Union Wharf 
and Picr^ 

Contracts were soon made, and the whole distance 
completed solid in 1811. The whole length of the Wharf 
is 3,943 feet, being the longest in the United States. 

About half the distance on the west side was widened, 
on which stores and warehouses were built. An exten- 
sive fire in Oct., 1820, destroyed most of these, together 
with a large quantity of Lumber. Loss from $80,000 to 
8100,000 

Since that time, stores and warehouses have been re- 
built. 

DYKE ACROSS THE WEST MEADOWS. 

* 

The Dyke crossing the West Meadows, adjoining the 
Milford turnpike, was built in the year 1769, principally 



45 

through the efforts of Nathan Beers, Esq., who died in 
this City, July, 1779.* The Dyke is a great protection to 
the road at this place. Mr. Beers was a large land-hold- 
er, and was the principal owner of the meadows above 
the bridge. Water gates were placed at the bridge to pre- 
vent the tide overflowing the meadows above, which were 
marshy, and produced salt grass, and which hQCdi\xiG Jresh 
after the salt water was excluded. 

There is a Dyke and Tide Gate a little west of Meadow- 
street. When this was built we have not been informed. 

Perhaps it will not be improper to mention in this con- 
nection, that Nathan Beei's came to this City from Strat- 
ford to enjoy the ministry of Rev. Mr. Bird. He had 
three sons — Isaac, Nathan, and Elias. Isaac Beers, his 
eldest son, during the Revolutionary war kept a public 
house upon the present site of the New Haven Hotel, 
corner of Chapel and College-streets. It was one of the 
first hotels in the country at that time. General Wash- 
ington, when passing through the Town, always stopped 
there. Mr. Beers afterwards opened a book-store, and 
imported (we have it from good authority) a greater va- 
riety of books than any other house in the country. 

TURNPIKES AND PUBLIC ROADS. 

MiLFORD TuENPiKE. — The old Stage road to New York 
through Milford passed out of the City through Broad- 
street and Davenport Avenue, up to about the year 1820, 
when Congress Avenue was opened from AVest Bridge to 
the foot of Church-street. The Milford Turnpike was 
made about the year 1800. 

Derby Turnpike was made a few years after. The 
road to Derby was by Broadway, through Westville and 
Woodbridge. 

Straight's Turnpike to Litchfield was completed 
about the year 1800. 

Previous to the Hartford Turnpike, all the travel from 
Farminsfton and the intermediate towns came into the 

* Mr. Beers died in consequence of a wound received from tho 
British when thev invaded New Haven. 



46 

City through Long Lane, or Cheshire road, by the Ditch 
Corner* Within about eight miles of New Haven there 
were four taverns, which were resorted to during the 
sleighing season by parties from New Haven. 

Hartford and New Haven Turnpike was incorpo- 
rated in 1798, and completed in the year 1801-2. Mill 
Lane, a narrow road leading out to the grist-mill above 
Whitneyville in a circuitous route, was the only road in 
that direction. Mill Lane is now called Orange-street. 

MiDDLETOWN, DURHAM, AND NeW HavEN TuRNPIKE 

was chartered in 1813, and finished in 1814. 

The road from the east, through [Dragon] Fair Haven, 
came into the City by Neck Bridge until the year 1819, 
when Barnesville Bridge was built by individuals. This 
was a frail structure, and soon came upon the Town. 
Since then the bridge has been rebuilt and the road 
widened. 

The bridge at Fair Haven was constructed about the 
year 1784. Previous to this, the river was crossed by a 
ferry. A Lottery was granted to aid in building the 
Bridge, and. tolls were collected for a number of years. 

TOMLINSON'S BRIDGE. 

This Bridge is built below the junction of the Quinni- 

piac and. Mill Rivers. 

It was commenced in 1796, and finished two years 

after. The lengrth of the Brids^e is half a mile, and the 

. '~^ ...1 

original width 27 feet. It was built by individuals, and 

is supported by collecting tolls. The west half is built 

solid to the channel, with the exception of two sluices. 

The Bridge is now owned by the New Haven, Hartford, 

and Springfield R. R. Company, with the exception of 

one share. The Company have extended a wharf south 

by the channel several rods, where steamboats land their 

passengers and freiglit. A large area has been filled in 

solid, or bridged, adjoining the Bridge, for railroad and 

steamboat accommodations. 

* Ditch Corner is at the south end of Beaver-streot, near the 
Beaver Ponds, 



47 

There is a draw iu the bridge at the channel to permit vessels to 
pass to Fair Haven. That part of the bridge that is not made solid, 
which is about 30 rods, is roofed. The part extending to East 
Haven is made solid, with a wall on each side. The travel from 
the East is partly by the bridge, and partly through Fair Haven. 



FIRST STEAMBOAT FROM NEW YORK, &c. 

Formerly passengers and goods were transported prin- 
cipally by water, in packets. The passage sometimes 
occupied a week, depending upon the wind and weather. 
The price of passage varied from three, to five dollars. 
Passage in the mail stage occupied part of two days, and 
sometimes more. 

The first Steamboat that passed through the Sound 
was the Fulton, commanded by Captain Bunker. She 
made her first trip from New York here, March 21, 
1815.* She started a little past 5 o'clock in morning, and 
arrived here at half-past four ; occupying between 11 and 
12 hours. There were thirty passengers on board. On 
her return she had a lare:e number of passengers, and 
was fifteen hours on the way, being delayed by a dense 
fog. 

The cost of the boat was about $90,000. 

Previous to that time it was considered quite doubtful 
whether a steamboat would be able to navigate the Sound. 

The price of passage when the Fulton commenced 
running was $5.00. She made two trips per week each 
way. 

The New York Advocate, giving an account of the first trip, 
among other things, says : '' We believe it may with truth be af- 
firmed, that there is not in the whole world such accommodations 
afloat as the Fulton affords; indeed, it is hardly possible to con- 
ceive that any thing of the kind can exceed her in elegance and 
convenience.'' 

It was then predicted that the tim^e would come when miprove- 
ments would be made in the machinery and the model of boats, so 
that the passage would be made in ten hours. 



* The first steamboat on the Hudson Kiver was in 1807. _ The 
first on Lake Erie, in 1818. Ocean steamers commenced running in 
1838, The Great Western arrived in New York, April 23, 1838. 



The ordinary time of passage is now from four to 
five hours ; the price of passage, one dollar. 



FARMINGTON CANAL. 

The Farmington Canal Company was chartered in 
1822. In July, 1823, subscription books were opened 
under the direction of commissioners in this City, and 
soon after in other places. In 1824, a charter for the 
Mechanics' Bank in this City was obtained on the condi- 
tion that the bank should make a subscription to the stock 
of the Canal Company to the amount of .^200,000, which 
was done. The ground was first broken at the State line 
at Suffield, July 4, 1825, by Gov. Wolcott throwing out 
the first spade-full. 

In 1826, the stock of this Company was united with the 
stock in the Hampshire and Hampden Company. In 
1828 the Canal was opened to Cheshire and Farmington. 
In 1829, this city subscribed $100,000 to its stock. Du- 
ring this year it was finished to Westfield, Mass. In 
1832, the City Bank of New Haven subscribed ^100,000 
for its charter, upon the condition that it should be free 
6"om taxation for ever. 

Before the Canal was finished to Northampton, a new 
Company was formed — the " New Haven and Northamp- 
ton Company." 

The Canal was finally finished to Connecticut River at 
Northampton, and the first boat passed through it, Au- 
gust 21st, 1835. 

The total cost has been estimated at $1,478,425.10. 
From this amount should be subtracted the value of the 
Canal to the Canal Railroad, in lessening damages for 
land, cost of grading, and lessening the expense of trans- 
portation for articles, &;c., in building the Railroad. 

Should any person wish to refresh their memories with the history 
of the Canal from its commencement to its abandonment, in 1847, 
the opposition it met with from various sources, the damages it sus- 
tained at different times, from floods, and from malicious persons, 
the cost to corporations and private individuals, <tc.. (fee, see " An 
Account of the Farmington Canal Company, of the Hampshire and 



49 

Hampden Canal Company, and of the New Haven and Northamp- 
ton Company, till the suspension of the Canals, in 1847." New Ha- 
ven, T. J. Stafford, 185U: pp. 24. 

It proved to be an unfortunate undertaking, but not without some 
benefit. It gave an impetus to business and public improvements ; 
it prevented, in two or three instances, what would otherwise have 
been extensive conflagrations 5 it cleared out the old Creek, and 
made a path for our railroads. 

RAILROADS. 

The New Haven and Hartford Railroad was 
chartered in 1833. The cars commenced running to 
Meriden in the spring of 1839, and to Hartford the next 
year. 

Canal Railroad. — This road was chartered in 1846, 
the work was commenced in 1847. The road was opened 
to Plainville, January 18th, 1848, to Tariffville, January 
19th, 1850, and to Collinsville, February 28th of the same 
year. The road is graded to Northampton, and ready 
for the rails, most of which are laid. The distance from 
New Haven to Northampton is the same as to New York, 
being 75yV^ miles, and is nearer an air line than any 
other road. 



New York and New Haven Railroad.— ^This road 
was incorporated in this State in 1844. The road was 
commenced in 1847. The cars first passed through Dec. 
29, 1848. The distance between New Haven and New 
York is 76 miles. 



New Haven and New London Railroad. — The 
Brst passenger train upon this road was run from New 
Haven to Connecticut River, July 1, 1852, and to New 
London, July 22d, the same year. Measures are being 
taken to extend this road to Stonington, to connect with 
the Providence and Stonington Railroad. Distance be« 
tween New Haven and New London, 54 miles. 



50 



PAVEMENTS OF SIDEWALKS. 

The first regular pavement was laid by Messrs. Beriah 
Bradley and Samuel Wilmot, in front of their stores, 
corner of Chapel and Orange-streels, opposite New Ha- 
ven bank, in the year 1809. Other individuals soon fol- 
lowed their example. It was not long before pavements 
were extended by order of the civil authorities, but not 
without opposition. Most of our principal sidewalks are 
handsomely paved, either with brick or flagging stone. 

None of our streets are paved in the centre, with the 
exception of two or three small patches — a short space 
in State-street, north from the intersection of Cherry- 
street, a short space in Court-street, by the Tontine, and, 
recently, a Belgian pavement east of the Railroad bridge 
in Chapel-street, in front of the premises of James 
Brewster, Esq. Whalley Avenue was Macadamized 
with stone brought from West Rock in 1852, from the 
corner of York-street to Westville bridge, at a cost of 
$9,000. The year after. Grand-street to Barnesville 
bridge, was improved in the same way. 

CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND 
SCIENCES. 

This Society was incorporated in Oct. 1799, principally through 
the etForts of President Dwight,^ and a few gentlemen in the City. 
Literary gentlemen in various parts of the State were elected mem- 
bers. One object of the Society was to collect and publish a sta- 
tistical account of all the towns in the State. That of New Haven, 
written by President Dwight, was published in 1811, and is an in- 
teresting and valuable document. In 1815, the Academy published 
a statistical account of several towns in Litchfield County, and in 
1819, of Middlesex County; likewise, at difTerent times, several 
scientific papers on various topics of science and literature, many 
of which are contributions of permanent value. 

Since the establishment of that highly valuable periodical, " Tlie 
American Journal of Science and the Arts" by Professor Silliman, 
in 1818, (and still continued by him and others,) communications 
prepared for the Academy have been published in this Journal. 

The Academy continue to hold their meetings monthl}^ (except 
in College vacations,) where a variety of subjects are introduced 
and discussed. 



51 



NEW HAVEN HOPKINS GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 

In 1655, the matter of establishing a collegiate school 
in New Haven was taken up in earnest; Gov. Eaton, 
Mr. Davenport, and Mr. Hooke, being especially active 
in the business, and the town passed a vote appropriating 
sixty pounds a year for the use of the proposed institu- 
tion. 

In 1652, Governor Hopkins went to England to settle 
the estate of his brother, then recently deceased, intend- 
ing to return to New England. Mr. Davenport commu- 
nicated to him, in London, the result of the consultations 
respecting the collegiate school at New Haven, and soli- 
cited his aid in carrying on the work. 

In March, 1657, Governor Hopkins died, at London, 
leaving to trustees a large bequest, ** for the breeding up 
of hopeful youths, both at the Grammar School and Col- 
lege, for the public service of the country in future 
times." 

In 1664, the siu'viving trustees allotted £400 to the town of Hart- 
ford, for the support of a Grammar School there, and ordered that 
" the residue of the estate, both that which is in New England, and 
the £500 which is to come from old England, when it shall become 
due to us after Mrs. Hopkins' decease, be all of it equally divided 
between the towns of New Haven and Hadley, (Mass.,) to be in 
each of these towns respectively managed and improved towards 
the erecting and maintaining of a Grammar School in each of 
them." 

The amount realized by New Haven from the bequest was £412, 
which, with the land granted by the town, constituted the endow- 
ment of the Hopkins Grammar School of New Haven. 

The School has been maintained, so far as we know, without ma- 
terial interruption, from the commencement to the present time, 
and has furnished to the boj's and young men of New Haven and 
the surrounding countrj^ ample opportunities for the acquisition of 
the elements of classical and other learning. 

The first school house, as far as we know, was on the 
east side of Church-street, fronting the public square, a 
little south of the County house. 

About the year 1838, a lot was purchased on the north- 



52 

west corner of High and Wall-streets, and a school-house 
erected of stone and stuccoed. 

COMMON SCHOOLS. 

Our ancestors wisely considered the education of their 
children of prime importance. After the erection of a 
house for public worship, the school-house next occupied 
their attention. Those children whose parents were un- 
able to pay for their education, were schooled at the ex- 
pense of the public. The selectmen of the town were 
required to see that all children of proper age, whether 
poor or rich, and likewise apprentices, should receive a 
common school education. 

The school-master was held in high estimation, and 
ranked next to the clergyman. 

Ezekiel Cheever, the first school-master in this town, 
as far as we know, not only taught the elementary 
branches, but likewise the classics. His name will be 
associated with Davenport and Eaton, as aiding in form- 
ing the characters of the first settlers. 

Since the year 1797, the interest of the school fund has 
been divided among the several school societies in the 
State. This has aided the common district schools 
throughout our State. 

Notwithstanding this, most of the children in this town, 
previous to the opening of the Lancasterian school, were 
sent to private schools. 

The first Lancasterian School was kept in the basement of the 
Methodist Church, upon the Green, soon after it was built. Each 
scholar, whose parents were able, paid one dollar per quarter ; 
those that were poor had free tickets. Afterwards the admission 
was reduced to fifty cents, and at the present time, the district 
schools are free. 

The present Lancasterian School House was built of 
brick, on the north-east corner of Orange and Wall- 
streets, in 1827, Titus Street, Esq., giving the land. 
There are two departments — one for boys, the other for 
girls. This school has been taught by the popular in- 
structor, John E. Lovell, Esq., from its commencemeiit. 



53 

The name of this school has been changed to Hillhouse, 
and is now a graded school. 

The Webster School, named after Noah Webster, 
Esq., who lived and died in this City, and who is the au- 
thor of the American Spelling-Book and Dictionary, was 
dedicated August, 1853. This is a graded school, and is 
thouo-ht to be one of the best in the State. 

The Eaton School, named after Grov. Eaton, was 
opened Oct., 1855. The cost of the building and furniture, 
including the land, was $34,851.08. 

The following is a list of the Public Free Schools in 
the City, and their location : 

No. 1. — Webster School, corner of York and George-streets. 

No. 2. — Eaton School, east of Olive-street, between St. John and 
Grand-streets. 

No. 3, — Hillhouse School, corner of Orange and Wall-streets. 

No. 4. — ^Washington School, Cedar-street, near Congress Avenue. 

No. 5. — Wallace Street School, Wallace-street, between Chapel 
and St. John-streets. 

No. 6. — DixwELL Street School, Dixwell-street, near Broadway. 

No. 7. — Mount Pleasant School, Liberty-street, near Columbus- 
itreet. 

No. 8. — Fair Street School, between Olive and Union-streets. 

No. 9. — Dixwell Street Second Primary School, corner of Dix- 
well and Eaton-streets, in a chamber. 

No, 10, — African School, Whiting-street, between Fleet and 
Meadow-streets. 

No. 11. — African School, GofFe-street, near Broadway. 

No. 12. — ^African School, Spire worth, on Mount Pleasant. 



The following are some of the principal Select Board- 
ing and Day-Schools for youth of both sexes, in 1856. 

Collegiate and Commercial iNSTrruTE, William H. Russell, M. D., 
Principal. 

Select Classical Boarding School for Boys, A. N. Skinner, A. M., 
Principal. 

Classical and Mathematical School, Stiles French, A. M., Prin- 
cipal. 



Grove Hall Female Seminary, Miss Mary Button, Principal. 

York Square Female Seminary, Rev. H. and Mrs. N. E. M. 
Bingham, Principals. 

YouNQ Ladies' Boarding and Day School, Misses Edwards, Prin- 
cipals. 



54 



PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 

The Mechanics^ Library was established in 1793, and contained a 
valuable collection of books. In 1807, it was merged into the So- 
cial Library Cwnpany, and for a number of years was in a flourish- 
ing condition ; but at length the number of members gradually di- 
minished, until finally the organization was broken up. Tlie most 
valuable portion of the books were sold to the Young Men's Insti- 
tute, which formed the nucleus of their library. 

The Ne^t Haven Youxg Men's Institute v/as in- 
corporated in 1841, having had a previous organization. 
The Library has been increasing from year to year, up 
lo the present time. It vs^as formerly kept in various 
buildings. 

The Neiv Building for its accommodation, and for other 
purposes, was commenced in July, 1855. It is on the 
east side of Orange-street, a short distance north of Cha- 
pel, adjoining the New Haven Savings Bank. The size 
of the building is 48 by 63 feet, four stories high, and is 
built of Portland free-stone, highly ornamented. 

The ground floor is occupied by two stores with base- 
ments. Between the stores is a stairway seven feet wide, 
leading to the hall above. On the north side of the second 
story is the Reading Room, 60 by 18 feet, furnished with 
periodicals and newspapers from various parts of the 
country. 

On the south side of the building are two rooms, one 
containing the Library, and the other for a conversation 
room, and for meetings of the society. The rooms on 
the third story will be used for educational purposes. In 
the fourth story is the Hall of the Institute, for lectures, 
&c. It is a fine room, well lighted and airy, and capable 
of seating from five to six hundred persons. 

The building, exclusive of the land, cost $24,000. 
The Educational Department consists of classes in various 
branches of practical knowledge, connected with all the 
industrial pursuits — mathematics, writing, book-keeping, 
geometry, and all branches of mechanical drawing. The 
present number of volumes in the Library, in 1856, is 
nearly 6000. 



55 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

In January, 1788, it was voted in City meeting that a 
Fire Engine be furnished at the expense of the City. 
The next year it was ordered that two Fire Engine Com- 
panies be formed, consisting of seventeen men, including 
the foreman and second. The engines were made by 
Mr. Ebenezer Chittenden of this town, an ingenious me- 
chanic. They were small, but very serviceable. Fire 
Wardens were appointed at this time, and Sackmen ; also 
Hook and Ladder Companies organized. Up to about 
1845, fire buckets were used at fires to convey water to 
the engines, instead of hose ; the citizens attending fires, 
and forming two parallel lines to each engine ; one pass- 
ing full, and the other empty buckets. In January, 1856, 
the number of reservoirs was 58, besides several public 
wells. 

The Engine-Houses are located in different parts of 
the City, built of brick, two stories high. The City pays 
each Company $400 per year for their services. The 
members areexempt from military duty, and have their 
poll tax abated. There is a fund for the relief of disa- 
bled members. 

BANKS. 

THE NEW HAVEN BANK was incorporated in October, 1792, 
and commenced business in Feb., 1796. Its capital for several years 
was $80,000. The present capital is $464,800. 



EAGLE BANK OF NEW HAVEN.— This was incorporated in 
1811, with a capital of $500,000. The bank failed Sept. 19, 1825. 



MECHANICS BANK was incorporated in 1824, with a capital 
of $500,000. Present capital, $300,000. $200,000 was lost in the 
Farmington Canal. 

CITY BANK OF NEW HAVEN was incorporatod in 1831, with 
a capital of $500,000. 



56 

NEW HAVEN COUNTY BANK.— This was incorporated in 
1834, with a capital of $500,000. 



MERCHANTS BANK was incorporated in 1851, with a capital 

of $500,000. 



QUINNIPIAC BANK was organized as a free bank in 1853, and 
incorporated in 1855, with a capital of $500,000. 



ELM CITY BANK was incorporated in 1855, with a capital of 
$500,000. 



TRADESMEN'S BANK was incorporated in 1855, with a capi- 
tal of $500,000. 



THE NEW HAVEN SAVINGS BANK, in Orange-street, was 
incorporated in 1838, and had, on the 1st of January, 1856, 
$1,186,863,20 on deposit. 

HORTICULTURAL ^SOCIETY. 

The charter for a Horticultural Society was granted in 
18^2. Previous to that time much attention had been 
given to Agriculture and Horticulture. Mr. Nathan 
Beers, whose name has been previously mentioned " re- 
tired from business with a fortune, which, with his time 
and talents, he devoted to the improvement of Agricul- 
ture and Horticulture." 

" Mr, Beers taught and inspired with a zeal for Horticulture Mr. 
Daniel Punderson, a scientific and practical gardener ; the owner 
of a nursery, and the cultivator of seeds and fruits for the market." 
" President Dwight was the first to introduce strawberries into 
our gardens. He had the largest garden, the best culinaiy plants, 
and the finest fruits in the City — and all cultivated with his own 
hands." 

The above quotations are from the first address, deliv- 
ered in 1837, before the Society, by Prof. Eli Ives, M. D., 
who has himself promoted the interest of this Society^ 
both by " precept and example," more than any othe 
person. 



57 



From the settlement of the town as far as we know 
up to about the year 1820, peaches of ^^e fines vaneUes 
Lu l.P raised in great abundance m this City, ihe 
^ees IWed qSte a nu^mber of years, and became of large 
7ze Since the last date, the trees have becomes diseased, 
and'have continued so up to the present t,me Tl>«„<;^":^ 
of the disease (yellows) is not known. W« bebeve « (to 
some decrree) extends throughout the country. It is tiue 
some go°od peaches are raised ; but the trees contmue but 

" tn ln"e" years (virgalieu pears,) White Doyenne, 
were raised in^his City in great abundance, but now have 
become imperfect. The same is true of the Jonah pears 
fo™y th^ey were a fine winter pear-becoming yellow 
by keeping, and were tender, sweet, and juicy. They 
have uow ^become small, and of a woody texture. The 
nound pear has suffered the same deterioration. 
^ The Society have had annual (and durmg summer, 
weekW) exhibitions of its fruits, vegetables, and flowers 
I^nce its organization up to the present time. Son^e 
years the exhibition has been held in connection with the 
igricultural Society. Since 1833, they have been held 
in the State House. 

MANUFACTORIES, &c. 

From the settlement of the To^vn .p ^.-^Jhe commencem^^^^^ of 

^^FHxt Jl^^^-i-d bv farmers for their own .se and a. .. 
J\T. Tf merchandise ; most merchants keeping it in their stores 
?or tale Ilnost every family ha.l theh^ spinning-wheels, and mo^ 

?:™™ the shlves, hat.heling and separating the tow from the flax, 
epianing, weaving, and whitem.ig the cloth, Ae. 



58 

Formerly there was much more linen used in families than at 
present. Cotton cloth has taken the place of it, and is much 
cheaper. 

When cotton cloth was first introduced, it was coarse, and called 
hum-hum^ and brought from Calcutta. 

COTTON MANUFACTORY. 

One of the first manufactories of cotton cloth in this 
State and country was erected in this town, at Westville, 
on the site of the paper-mill, owned by the Messrs. Park- 
er, not far from 1790. John R. Livingston, of New 
York, in connection with David Dixon and Wm. Mcin- 
tosh, were the principal owners. The State, in order to 
encourage the undertaking, agreed to pay $3000 upon 
certain condhions, which we believe were complied with. 

Large quantities of very fine cotton cloth, likewise cot- 
ton yarn and wick, table cloths, &c. were manufactured 
there. Calico printing was carried on at one time, and 
the blocks on which it was printed were carved there. 
Woolen Cloths and Satinets were manufactured there at 
a subsequent period. 

For causes to us unknown, the business was suspended 
after several years, and the building, which was a large 
one, (100 feet in length and four stories high,) converted 
into a paper-mill. This was burnt, as is supposed, by an 
incendiary, in 1837. 

PAPER MILLS. 

The firstPaper-Mill erected in this town was at West- 
ville, in 1776, by David Bunce, on the site of the auger 
and tool Factory of Wales French, Esq. Subsequently 
a Paper Mill was built at the base of West Rock. 

The Paper-Mill of the Messrs. Parker, in the same 
village, has a Fourdrinier machine, where the paper 
comes out " cut and dried'' — a wonderful improvement 
upon the old method of making it by hand, one sheet at 
a time, which required two men and a boy, and then had 
to be pressed and dried in a loft above, occupying days, 
and perhaps weeks, depending upon the weather. 



59 



New Haven has become one of the largest manufkc-' 
turing towns in the State.* The largest amount of capi- 
tal employed in any one business is the manufacture of 



Carriages. 



ANTHRACITE COAL. 



Anthracite Coal was first introduced into this City in 
1827, by Harrison and Reynolds, who were the agents 
for its sale. 

Previous to that time, wood was about the only thing used for 
fuel. Some families used a small quantity of peat. In the winter 
season a great number of teams came into the City, when the wea- 
ther permitted, loaded with wood. They were accustomed to have 
stands in different parts of the City, where persons would go to buy 
their wood, as they would go to the market for provisions. One 
stand was at the south end of the Colleges ;f one at the corner of 
Chapel and Church-streets, and one at " Bradley's Corner," (corner 
of Chapel and State-streets.) At these places, the streets at timea 
were almost blocked up with teams. 

"Wood was brought sometimes from a great distance, and much 
anxiety was manifested by intelligent persons in order to ascertain 
in what manner we were to be supplied with fuel in future years. 
Wood was becoming scarce, and increasing in value. It did not 
grow as fast as it was consumed. 

Providentially, about this time coal was introduced. A great 
deal of obloquy was cast upon the agents who had the sale of it. 
Persons did not believe it would burn. It was first used in the 
Tontine, in grates ; a person was sent from New York to set them 
up. Many persons went to see it burn, and i\iQ faithless were made 
to believe. The quantity of coal consumed when first introduced 
was email, but has been constantly increasing, so that at the pres- 
ent time almost every family use it for warming their dwellings, 
and for cooking. It has done much to build up our manufactories^ 
It would be impossible to ascertain the number of tons consumed 
in this City, as immense quantities are taken into the country. 

About twenty years previous to this some gentlemen of 



* Some years since, a gentleman from a distance inquired of 
Professor Silliman, Sen., what it was that supported New Haven. 
The ready reply was : '* The manufacture of mind and matter ;" re- 
ferring to our college, schools, and manufactories. 

t The students at that time purchased their wood and had it cut 
the rear of the Colleges, before wood saws were generally used. 



in 



60 

this City were interested in a coal mine in Pennsylvania, 
and some specimens were brought here. It was placed 
upon a common wood fire, and, of course, would not io-- 
nite, and was condemned, not knowing how to burn it. 
The same ignorance was manifested in other cities when 
it was first introduced. 



CARRIAGES AND WAGONS. 

Carriages and Wagons were not very common until the com- 
mencement of the present century. Some of the aristocracy or 
*' Notables," rode in Chaises or Chairs, as they were called. In 
1761, there were only/owr in New Haven. Boys were obliged to 
carry the grist to mill upon the backs of horses, and sometimes had 
a great deal of trouble, especially when the bags were not well 
balanced. Wives and daughters rode upon side-saddles and pillions. 
In 1798, there was only one Public Carriage in the City. Gentle- 
men and ladies, in going longer or shorter distances, rode on horse- 
back. 



STOVES. 

A few Franklin open Stoves were used previous to 1800 ; like- 
Wise Box Stoves of cast and sheet iron in mechanics' shops. 

Not many Cooking Stoves were used until after 1820. They 
were greatly multiplied in number aud kinds after the introduction 
of Anthracite coal, in 1827. Cylinder Stoves and Grates came into 
use at that time. Cooking Ranges were of a later period ; like- 
wise Furnaces in cellars for warming buildings. 

NEW HAVEN GAS COMPANY. 

This Company was chartered in 1847, and commenced 
business the following year. The number of miles of 
the main pipes laid in the streets, is 15 1-3 miles. 
The number of Public Lamps on the 1st of Dec, 1855, 
were 189. The number of consumers at the same time, 
1252. 

Many families, up to the year 1800, and even later, used dipped Tal- 
low Candles, which were made in most families. The loicks in early 
times, before cotton was introduced, were made of tow. These 
candles were kept for sale in most of the grocery stores. They va- 
ried in size and quality. Some were made of pot fat, which con- 



61 

tained a little salt, which caused a continued decrepitation, or sput- 
tering. 

Our ancestors were acquainted with the fact which Dr. Fi'anklin 
afterwards published in Paris, " That sun-light was more economical 
than candle-light." Not much whale oil was used until the com- 
mencement of the pi'esent century. The various burning fluids 
have been introduced since the year 1840. 



During the revolutionary "War, and for several years after, up to 
the commencement of the present century, large quantities of pow- 
der were manufactured in this town, at "Westville. There were 
two mills engaged in the business — one in the upper, and the other 
in the lower part of the village. The business was carried on by 
Isaac Doolittle, Jeremiah Atwater, and Elijah Thompson. 



Church Bells were cast by Isaac Doolittle, in a foundry on the 
south side of West Chapel-street, Another foundry for casting 
Bells was near Bell Lane, now called Grand-street. 



Previous to 1790, there were several Mulberry Orchards planted 
in this town. Quite a number of the inhabitants were engaged in 
raising silk-worms. How much silk was manufactured we have not 
been informed. 



PUBLIC HOUSES. 

The Tontine Hotel stands fronting the Public Square, 
on the east side of Church-street, with a wing extending 
upon Court-street. It was built in 1824-5, and in 1854 
was thoroughly repaired and newly furnished, and the 
exterior walls painted. Several buildings formerly built 
for dwelling houses, are now connected with it. 



The New Have?^ Hotel likewise fronts the Public 
Square, on the south side of Chapel-street, with a wing 
extending upon College-street. It was built in 1850-1, 
and is a beautiful structure, not surpassed by any in the 
City. 

The elevation of the ground on which it stands, is the 
same as the Colleges ; being 40 feet above tide-water. 

6 



62 

The Pavilion stands facing the Harbor and Sound, 
not far from the Steamboat Wharf. It was built in 1816, 
and is not opened for a public house, except in the warm 
season. 



Station House. — ^This is on the west side of Union-street, extend- 
ing from Chapel to Cherry-street, and joining the rear of the stores 
on State-street. It is a large structure, and contains two large sit- 
ting-rooms — one for ladies, with rooms adjoining, and one for gen- 
tlemen ; besides a Hestaurant, and several rooms for baggage, cfec.^ 

In the tower of the building (which contains a clock and bell,) ia 
the office of the Assistant Superintendent of the N. Y. and N. H. 
K. R., and the Agent of the Canal R. R. 

Connected with the Station House is a fine Hotel, four stories 
high, fronting on State-street. This House is kept upon the Euro- 
pean plan, and is finished in modern style. The entrance to it from 
the Station House is on the same level with the Hotel, being very 
convenient for travelers. 

WEST AND EAST ROCKS. 

West Rock, which forms a bold and prominent object 
in the scenery about New Haven, is 325 feet in height. 
The village of Westville, (formerly Hotchkisstown,) sit- 
uated at its base, is about two miles north-west from 
the central part of the City. It is similar in its forma- 
tion and general appearance to East Rock, about two 
miles north-east from theCity. 

These rocks are trap, and are composed of horn- 
blende and feldspar. Iron enters considerably into their 
composition ; hence, during their decomposition, iron 
rust gradually covers the exterior of the stone, thus giv- 
ing it a reddish, or rather brown appearance. It forms 
an excellent building stone, and is extensively employed 
for that purpose in New Haven. Their fronts are com- 
posed of vast assemblages of columns, more or less regu- 
lar, and are full of cracks and fissures, from which cause 
it probably arises that they are liable to break off, and. 
fall, in consequence of water getting in and freezing. 
Hence vast masses of broken rocks, from the smallest 
size to that of the largest columns, are found sloping from 
the bases of these mountains up their fronts, for more 
than half their height. 



63 

The fronts of both West and East Rocks were wisely 
retained by the early settlers as common j^ropertT/, so that 
any person belonging to the town has a right to convey 
away as many stone as they please. On the summit, the 
proprietors claim about two rods back from the front 
ledges. This property, which is of immense value to 
the town, also other common and undivided lands, are 
under the supervision of the " Proprietors' Committee," 
with the approval of the Selectmen. 

GROWTH OF THE CITY. 

Like all other Cities whose settlement commenced at 
an early period, its growth has been gradual. It could 
not boast of the richness of its soil or its extensive 
water privileges. Still a healthy and steady progress 
has been made. The opening of the Farmington Ca- 
nal gave quite an impulse to business. In 1817, Crown- 
street did not extend to York-street. Daggett's Pond, 
at the intersection of Crown and Park-streets, was 
filled in, and the grounds leveled, and Crown extended to 
Howe-street, about 1820. 

In 1826, there was only one street west of York-street 
parallel with it, until you came to West-street. All the 
buildings west of York and south of Maple-street have 
been built since 1815, with few exceptions. There were 
a few houses, it is true, but they were ''few and far be- 
tween.^' 

Many of our elderly people remember a gate, about 
six rods west of York street, across the road now called 
West Chapel-street, through which caws were driven to 
pasture. The former residence of ^neas Munson, M. D., 
stood, until within a few years, about twenty feet north 
of its present location, partly blocking up the street. 
The houses on Dixwell-street have been built, with three 
exceptions, since 1817. High-street, from Elm to Grove, 
was opened in 1837-8. In 1828, 'there were only five 
dwelling houses in Orange-street north of Grove, and 
only one street crossing it. 

Formerly that part of the City lying east of Union- 



64 

street was called the New Township,^ There was a 
slaughter-house at the foot of what is now called Green- 
street, and a few small buildings in that section of the 
City. Land, until a recent period was sold by the acre, 
and used for pasture and cultivation. 

In 1832, James Brewster, Esq., who has expended 
more to build up and improve New Haven than any one 
citizen, removed his carriage manufactory to what was 
afterwards called Brewsterville. He purchased thirteen 
acres, with the buildings thereon standing, including the 
Pavilion, which had been built for a steamboat hotel. 
The property there, had depreciated. He built a large 
brick carriage manufactory at the foot of Wooster-street, 
of the size of the one now standing, which was burnt 
during the same year, and immediately rebuilt. East, 
Wallace, andHamilron-streets, extended no further north 
than Wooster. From that time to the present that sec- 
tion of the City has rapidly increased. 

The streets noi-th from Grand-street, and many other 
in all parts of the City were opened in 1836-7. Most of 
the houses south and west from Meadow and George- 
sfreets have been built since the last mentioned date. 

New Haven of late years has become a residence for 
gentlemen retiring from business, for literary men, and 
for families wishing to educate their children. It has ad- 
vantages superior to most other places, being " beautiful 
for situation," and surrounded with romantic scenery. 



POPULATION OF NEW HAVEN. 

Year. No. of Inhabitants. 

1790, 4,484. 

1800, 5,157. 

1810, 6,967. 

1820, 8,327. 

1830, 10,678. 

1840, 14,390. 

1850, 22,529. 

1855, 31,549. 



ANCIENT HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN. 



The local situation of New Haven appears to have 
been known to the Dutch some years before the arrival 
of the English settlers : they designated the place by the 
name of ''Red Rocky It was doubtless so called from 
the appearance of the East and West Rocks near the 
place. Its Indian name was Quinnipiac, which name 
was given to the river forming the eastern boundary of 
the township, to the adjacent country, and to the tribe 
by which it was inhabited. The Quinnipiacs have long 
since been extinct : they dwelt in the summer on the 
shore, for the convenience of fishing ; and in the winter, 
in the forests, for the abundance of fuel. 

They had a place for powawing in East Haven, about 
three quarters of a mile east of the harbor bridge. The 
spot was formerly a swamp, and is now a meadow. 

Charles, the last sachem of this tribe, died nearly one 
hundred years since. He was frozen to death near a 
spring, about one mile north of the Congregational 
Church in East Haven. 

They are said to have had neither marriages nor 
divorces. 

They caught round clams with their feet, and taught 
the English to catch them in this manner. 

The Indian arrow-heads, frequently found here, are ex- 
actly like some which have been brought from Cape Horn. 

At Fort Hill, or as it is now called. Beacon Hill, there 
was formerly an Indian fort, and an Indian burying, 
ground, on the eastern side of the hill. The name of this 
spot was formerly Indian Hill — The above is about all 
the account we have of the original inhabitants. 



On the 26th of July, 1637, Mr. John Davenport, Mr. 
Samuel Eaton, Theophilus Eaton, and Edward Hopkins, 
Esqrs., Mr. Thomas Gregson, and many others of good 
characters and fortunes, arrived at Boston. Mr. Daven- 

6* 



66 

port bad been a celebrated minister in the city of London, 
and was a distinguished character for piety, learning, and 
good conduct. Many of his congregation, on account of 
the esteem which they had for his person and ministry, 
followed him into New^ England. Mr. Eaton and Mr. 
Hopkins had been merchants in London, possessed great 
estates, and were men of eminence for their abilities and 
integrity. The fame of Mr Davenport, the reputation 
and good estates of the principal genilemen of this com- 
pany, made the people of Massachusetts exceedingly de- 
sirous of their settlement in that commonwealth. Great 
pains were taken not only by particular persons and 
towns, but by the general court, to fix them in the colony. 
Charlestown made them large ofiers ; and Newbury pro- 
posed to give up the whole town to them. The general 
court offered them any place which they should choose. 
But they \vere determined to plant a distinct colony. By 
the pursuit of the Pequots to the westward, the English 
became acquainted with that fine tract along the shore, 
from Saybrook to Fairfield, and with its several harbors. 
It was represented as fruitful, and happily situated for 
navi oration and commerce. They therefore projected a 
settlement in that part of the country. 

In the fall of 1637, Mr. Eaton and others, who were 
of the company, made a journey to Connecticut, to ex- 
plore the lands and harbors on the sea coast. They 
pitched upon Quinnipiac for the place of their settle- 
ment. They erected a poor hut, in which a few men 
subsisted through the winter : this was at the corner of 
Church and George-streets. 

On the 30th of March, 1638, Mr. Davenport, Mr. Prud- 
den, Mr. Samuel Eaton, and Theophilus Eaton, Esq., 
with the people of their company, sailed from Boston for 
Quinnipiac. In about a fortnight they arrived at their 
desired port. On the 15th of April, they kept their first 
Sabbath in the place. The people assembled under a 
large spreading oak,* and Mr. Davenport preached to 



* This tree was situated near the corner of George and College- 
streets. Both Xe\r Haven and Milford churches were formed 
under it— i>r. Dana's Sermon, ISOl. 



67 

tbem from Matthew iv, 1. He insisted on the temptations 
of the wilderness, made such observations and g-ave such 
directions and exhortations, as were pertinent to the then 
present state of his hearers. He left this remark, that he 
enjoyed a good day. The settlers first began to build on 
George-street and the opposite hill, between which small 
vessels then passed in a creek, which for many years has 
been filled up. Their first houses were commodious, of 
two stories. 

One of the principal reasons which these colonists 
assigned for their removal from Massachusetts was, that 
they should be more out of the way and trouble of a gen- 
eral governor of New England, who at this time was an 
object of great feai* in all the plantations. 

" The first plantei's of New Haven recognized in their 
acts no human authority foreign to themselves. They 
appear to have studiously avoided any mention of their 
native country, or any allusion to the question of allegi- 
ance to the king of England, This matter they left to be 
determined afterwards." Their object appears to have 
been to found, untrammeled, a Christian commonwealth. 

Soon after they arrived at Quinnipiac, in the close of 
a day of fasting and prayer, they entered into what they 
termed a plantation covenant. In this they solemnly 
bound themselves, " that as in matters that concern the 
gathering and ordering of a chui-ch. so also in all public 
offices which concern civil order, as the choice of magis- 
trates and officers, making and repealing laws, dividing 
allotments of inheritance, and all things of like nature, 
they would all of them be ordered by the rules which the 
Scripture held forth to them." This was adopted as a 
general agreement, until thei-e should be time for the 
people to become more intimately acquainted with each 
other's religious views, sentiments and moral conduct; 
which was supposed to be necessary to prepare the way 
for their covenanting together, as Christians, in church 
state. 

The planters of Quinnipiac determined to make an 
extensive settlement, and, if possible, to maintain per- 
petual peace and friendship with the Indians. They 
therefore paid an early attention to the making of such 



68 

purchases and amicable treaties, as might most effectually 
answer their designs. 

On the 24th of November, 1638, Theophilus Eaton, 
Esq., Mr. Davenport, and other English planters, entered 
into an agreement with Momauguin, sachem of that part 
of the country, and his counsellors, respecting the lands. 
The articles of agreement are to this effect ; 

That Momau_guin is the sole sachem of Quinnipiac, 
and had an absolute power to aliene and dispose of the 
same ; that in consequence of the protection he had 
tasted, by the English, from the Pequots and Mohawks * 
he yielded up all his right, title and interest to all the 
land, rivers, ponds and trees, with all the liberties and 
purtenances belonging to the same, unto Theophilus 
Eaton, John Davenport and others, their heirs and 
assigns for ever. He covenanted, that neither he nor his 
Indians would terrify nor disturb the English, nor injure 
them in any of their interests ; but that, in every respect, 
they would keep true faith with them. 

The English covenanted to protect Momauguin and 
his Indians, when unreasonably assaulted and terrified 
by either of the other Indians ; and that they should 
always have a sufficient quantity of land to plant on, upon 
the east side of the harbor, between that and Saybrook 
fort. They also covenanted that by way of free and 
thankful retribution, they gave unto the said sachem and 
his council and company, twelve coats of English cloth, 
twelve alchymy spoons, twelve hatchets, twelve hoes, two 
dozen of knives, twelve porringers, and four cases of 
French knives and scissors. 

This agreement was signed and legally executed by 
Momauguin and his council on the one part, and Theo- 
philus Eaton and John Davenport on the other. Thomas 
Stanton, who was the interpreter, declared in the pres- 
ence of God, that he had faithfully acquainted the Indians 
with the said articles, and returned their answers. 

• The Indians of Quinnipiac, in this treaty, declared that they 
still remembered the heavy taxes of the Peqxiots and Mohawks; 
and that, by reason of the fear of them, they could not stay in their 
own country, but had been obliged to flee. By these powerful 
enemies they had been reduced to about forty men. 



I! 



69 



The following signatures or marks of Momauguin and his counsel- 
lors to the above agreement, are copied from the ancient records 
of New Haven, nearly in the position they stand on the record. 



1. Momauguin, Ms 

mark. 

2. Sugcogisin. 

3. Quosaquash. 

4. Carroughood. 

5. Woosauruck. 

6. The mark of 
Shaumpishuh, the 
sister of Momau- 
guin, called in the 
agreement Squaw 
Sachem, who it 
appears had some 
interest in part of 
the lands. 




In December following, they made another purchase 
of a large tract, which lay principally north of the former. 
This was of Montowese, son of the great sachem at Mat- 
tabeseck. This tract was ten miles in length, north and 
south, and thirteen in breadth. It extended eight miles 
east of the river Quinnipiac, and five miles west of it 
towards Hudson's river. It included all the lands within 
the ancient limits of the old towns of New 
Haven, Branford and Wallingford, and 
almost the whole contained in the present 
limits of those towns, and the towns of 
East Haven, Woodbridge, Cheshire, 
Hamden,and North Haven. These have 
since been made out of the three old 
towns. For this last tract the English 
gave thirteen coats, and allowed the In- 
dians ground to plant, and liberty to hunt 
within the lands. The annexed is a copy 
of the signature of Montowese and Saw- 
sounck, an Indian who came with him to 



70 

New Haven. Montowese's signature is the bow and 
arrow. It appears the above land descended to him from 
his deceased mother. His tribe or company consisted of 
but ten men, with their women and children. 

The New Haven adventurers were the most opulent 
company which came into New England, and they de- 
signed to plant a capital colony. They laid out their 
town plat in squares, designing it for a great and elegant 
city. In the centre was a large and beautiful square. 
This was compassed with others, making nine in the 
whole. 

The first principal settlers were Theophilus Eaton, 
Esq., Mr. Davenport, Samuel Eaton, Thomas Gregson, 
Robert Newman, Matthew Gilbert, Nathaniel Turner, 
Thomas Fugill, Francis Newman, Stephen Goodyear, and 
Joshua Atwater. 

There appears no act of civil, military or ecclesiastical 
authority during the first year; nor is there any appear- 
ance that this colony was ever straitened for bread, as 
the other colonies had been. 

Meanwhile Mr. Henry Whitfield, William Leet, Esq., 
Samuel Delborough, Robert Kitchell, William Chitten- 
don, and others, who were part of Mr. Davenport's and 
Mr. Eaton's company, arrived to assist tliem in their new 
settlement. These were principally from Kent and Sur- 
rey, in the vicinity of London. Mr. Whitfield's peojjle, 
like Mr. Davenport's, followed him into New England. 
There were now three ministers, with many of the mem 
bers of their former churches and conffreorations collected 
in this infant colony, and combined in the same general 
agreement. 

On the 4th of June, 1639, all the free planters at Quin- 
iiipiac convened in a large barn of Mr. Newman's, and, 
in a formal and very solemn manner, proceeded to lay 
the foundations of their civil and religious polity. 

Mr. Davenport introduced the business by a sermon 
from the words of the royal Preacher, " Wisdom hath 
builded her house; she hath hewn out her seven pillars." 

The following is an extract from the ancient record of this event, which 
was subscribed and signed by one Imndred and eleven persons. 
The 4th day of the 4th moneth, called June, 1639, all the free 



71 

planters assembled together in a general meetinge,to consult about 
settling civil government according to God, and about the nomina- 
tion of persons that may be found, by consent of all, fittest in all 
respects for the foundation work of a Church which was intended 
to be gathered in Quinnipiack. After sollemne invocation of the 
name of God in prayer, for the presence and help of his spii-it and 
grace in these weighty businesses, they were reminded of the busi* 
ness whereabout they met — viz., for tlie establishment of such civil 
order as might be most pleasing unto God, and for the chusing the 
fittest men "for the foundation work of a church to be gathered. 
For the better enabling them to discerne the rainde of God, and to 
agree accordingly concerning the establishment of civil order, Mr. 
John Davenport propounded divers queries to them, publickly 
praying them to consider seriously, in the presence and feare of 
God, the weight of the business they met about, and not to be rash 
or sleight in giving their votes to things they understood not, but 
to digest fully and thoroughly what shonld be propounded unto 
them, and without respect "to men, as they should be satisfied and 
perswaded in their own minds to give their answers in such sort as 
they would be willing they should stand upon record for posterity. 

This being earnestly expressed by Mr. Davenport, Mr. Robert 
Newman was intreated to write in charracters, and to read dis- 
tinctly and audibly in the hearing of all the people, what was pro- 
pounded and accorded on, that it might appear that all consented 
to matters propounded according to words written by him. 

Qnaire 1. Whether the Scriptures doe holde fourth a perfect rule 
for the direction and government of all men in all duteyes which 
they are to perform to God and men, as well in the government of 
famylyes and commonwealths as in matters of the church ? 

This was assented unto by all, no man dissenting, as was ex- 
pressed by holding up of hands. Afterwards it was read over to 
them, that they might see in what wordes their vote was expressed. 
They againe expressed their consent thereto by holding up their 
hands, no man dissenting. 

" After a proper term of trial, Theophilus Eaton, Esq., 
Mr. John Davenport. Robert Newsman, Matthew Gilbert, 
Thomas Fugill, John Punderson and Jeremiah Dixon 
were chosen for the seven pillars of the church. 

" October 25th, 1639, the court, as it is termed, consist- 
ino- of these seven persons only, convened, and after a 
solemn address to the Supreme Majesty, they proceeded 
to form the body of freemen and to elect their civil offi- 
cers. The manner was indeed singular and curious. 

" In the first place, all former trust for managing the 
public affairs of the plantation was declared to cease, and 
be utterly abrogated. Then all those who had been ad- 



mitted to the church after the gathering of it, in the choice 
of the seven pillars, and all the members of other approved 
churches who desired it, and offered themselves, were ad- 
mitted members of the court. A solemn charge was then 
publicly given them, to the same effect as the freemen's 
charge or oath, which they had previously adopted. The 
purport of this v/as nearly the same with the oath of 
fidelity, and with the freemen's administered at the pres- 
ent time. Mr. Davenport expounded several scriptures 
to ihem, describing the character of civil magistrates given 
in the sacred oracles. To this succeeded the election of 
officers. Theophikis Eaton, Esq., was chosen governor; 
Mr. Robert Newman, Mr. Matthew Gilbert, Mr. Nathan- 
iel Turner and Mr. Thomas Fugill were chosen magis- 
trates. Mr. Fugill v/as also chosen secretary, and Robert 
Seely, marshall. 

" Mr. Davenport gave Governor Eaton a charge in 
open court, from Deut. i., 16, 17 : 'And I charged your 
judges at that time, saying. Hear the causes between 
your brethren, and judge righteously between every man 
and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. Ye 
shall not respect persons in judgment, but ye shall hear 
the small as well as the great ; ye shall not be afraid of 
the face of man, for the judgment is God's ; and the cause 
that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will 
hear it.' 

" It was decreed by the freemen, that there should be 
a general court annually in the plantation, on the last 
week in October. This was ordained a court of election 
in which all the officers of the colony were to be chosen. 
This court determined, that the word of God should be 
the only rule for ordering the affairs of government in 
that commonwealth. 

" This was the original, fundamental constitution of the 
government of New Haven. All government was origi- 
nally in the church, and the members of the church elected 
the governor, magistrates, and all other officers. The 
magistrates, at first, were no more than assistants of the 
governor ; they might not act in any sentence or deter- 
mination of the court.* No deputy governor was chosen, 

* Records of the Colony of New Haven. 



73 

tioi' were any laws enacted except the general resolutions 
vrhich have been noticed ; but as the plantation enlarged, 
and new towns were settled, new orders were given ; the 
general court received a new form, laws were enacted, 
and the civil polity of this jurisdiction gradually advanced, 
in its essential parts, to a near resemblance of the govern- 
ment of Connecticut."* 

In the year 1640, Robert Feaks and Daniel Patrick 
bought Greenwich. The purchase was made in behalf 
of New Haven, but through the intrigue of the Dutch 
governor, and the treachery of the purchasers, the first 
inhabitants revolted to the Dutch. They were incorpo- 
rated and vested with town privileges by Peter Stuy- 
vesant, governor of New Netherlands. The inhabitants 
were driven off by the Indians, in their war with the 
Dutch, and made no great progress in settlement until 
after Connecticut obtained the charter, and they were 
taken under the jurisdiction of this colony. 

Another large purchase, sufficient for a liumber of 
plantations, was made by Captain Turner, agent for New- 
Haven, on both sides of Delaware bay or river. This 
purchase was made with a view to trade, and for the set- 
tlement of churches in gospel order and purity. The 
colony of New Haven erected trading houses upon the 
lands, and sent nearly fifty families to make settlements 
upon them. The settlements were made under the juris- 
diction of New Haven, and in close combination with that 
colony in all the fundamental articles. 

It also appears that New Haven, or their confederates, 
purchased and settled Yennycock and Southhold, on Long 
Island. Mr. John Youngs,*^ w4io had been a minister at 
Hingham, in England, came over with a considerable 
part of his church, and here fixed his residence. He 
gathered his church anew, on the 21st of October, 1640, 
and the planters united themselves with New Haven. 
However, they soon departed from the rule of appointing 
none to office, or of admitting none to be freemen, but 
members of the church. New Haven insisted on this asr 
a fundamental article of their constitution. They were 

* TnirabuH's History of Connecticut, 

7 



74 

therefore for a number of years obliged to conform to 
this law of the jurisdiction. Some of the principal men 
were the Rev. Mr. Youngs, William Welles, Barnabas 
Horton, Thomas Mapes, John Tuthill, and Matthias 
Cor win. 

Laws were enacted, both by Connecticut and New 
Haven, prohibiting all purchases of the Indians by pri- 
vate persons or companies without the consent of their 
respective general courts. These were to authorize and 
direct the manner of every purchase. 

The general court, at New Haven this year, made a 
grant of Totoket to Mr. Samuel Eaton, brother of Gov- 
ernor Eaton, upon condition of his procuring a number 
of his friends from England, to make a settlement in that 
tract of country. 

At this court it was decreed, that the plantation at 
Quinnipiac should be called New Haven. 
/ The Indians, in the year 1642, were veiy troublesome; 
so much so as to cause suspicions that they were forming 
a combination for a general war. Both the Connecticut 
and New Haven colonies concerted measures of defence. 
A constant watch was kept in the plantations, and upon 
the Sabbath a strong guard was set at the places of pub- 
lie worship. 

At a court held in New Haven this year, the magis- 
trates were directed to write to the Dutch to prevent their 
Bending arms and ammunition to the natives, an^ also to 
settle all disputes between them and the colony with re- 
spect to claims, but their efforts were unsuccessful ; for, 
notwithstanding the fair purchases which the New Haven 
colony had made, by their agents at Delaware, Governor 
Kieft, without any legal protest or warning, dispatched 
an armed force, and, with great hostility, burned the En- 
glish trading houses, violently seized, and for a time de- 
tained their goods, and would not give them time to take 
an inventory of them. The Dutch also took the compa- 
ny's boat, and a number of English planters, and kept 
them as prisoners. The damages done to the English 
at Delaware, were estimated at a thousand pounds ster- 
ling. 

The same year, the Swedish governor and Dutch 



75 

agent, uniting in a crafty design against Mr. Lamberton, 
a principal gentleman of New Haven, made an injurious 
attempt upon his life. They accused him of having 
joined in a plot with the Indians to cut off the Swedes 
and Dutch. They attempted, by giving his men strong 
drink, and by threatenings and allurements, to influence 
them to testify against him. They proceeded so far as to 
imprison and try him for treason. When, notwithstand- 
ing these unfair means, and that they were both his ac- 
cusers and judges, they could find no evidence against 
him, they arbitrarily imposed a fine upon him for trading 
at Delaware, though within the limits and jurisdiction of 
New Haven. 

At another time, when Mr. Lamberton was at Manhat- 
toes in the capacity of an agent for New Haven, the 
Dutch Governor, Kieft, by force and threatenings, com- 
pelled him to give an account of all his beaver, within 
the limits of New Haven, at Delaware, and to pay an im- 
post upon the whole. The Dutch did other damages, 
and insulted the English in many other instances. Both 
Connecticut and New Haven, from year to year, com- 
plained and remonstrated against them, but could obtain 
no redress. 

In the year 1643, the Dutch were exceedingly harassed 
by the Indians, and made application to Gov. Eaton and 
the general Court, soliciting that a hundred men might 
be raised in the plantations for their assistance against 
such barbarous enemies. 

Governor Eaton and the general court, having fully 
considered the purport of the Dutch governor's letter, 
rejected the proposal for raising men and assisting in the 
war against the Indians. Their principal reasons were, 
that joining separately in war was prohibited by the 
articles of confederation ; and that they were not satis- 
fied that the Dutch war with the Indians was just. 

Nevertheless, it was determined, that if the Dutch 
needed corn and provisions for men and cattle, by reason 
of the destruction which the Indians had made, the court 
would give them all the assistance in its power. 



76 



The following is a " List of the Settlers in New Haven, 
from the year 1639 to 1645," a period of about .six years. 
It was drawn up by a gentleman of New Hayen, evident- 
ly with much care and accuracy, and was first published 
in the New Haven Journal and Courier, April 24, 1851 : 



William Andrews. 
Luke Atkinson. 
Joshua Atwater. 
David Atwater. 
Eoger Ailing. 
Robert Abbott. 
Edward Adams, 
David Anderson. 
Joseph Alsop. 
Kicholas Augur. 
William Aspinwell. 
David Axtell, 
David Ashly. 
Henry Akeriy. 
Allen Ball. 
John Beach. 
William Blayden. 
Henry Browninge. 
Bichard Beekley. 
Jarvis Boj'kin. 
John Benham. 
John Budd. 
John Brockett. 
Edward Bannister. 
Eichard Beach. 
Peter Brown. 
Abraham Bell. 
Thomas Beamond. 
Francis Brown. 
Francis Bell. 
George Badweke. 
Francis Bi*ewster. 
Obadiah Barnes. 
Thomas Badger. 
Samuel Bajdey. 
Widow Baldwin. 
Thomas Barnes. 
Nathan Birchall. 
Thomas Blakesley. 
William Bassett. 
William Ball. 
Robert Burnett. 
Nicholas Bal}-. 



James Bell. 
Isaac Beach. 

Bracie. 

Henry Bishop. 
William Bradley. 
Roger Betts. 
John Burnett. 
Thomas Buckingham. 
William Bromfield. 
Henry Brazier. 
Timothy Baldwin. 
John Cockerill. 
Robert Campion. 
Thomas Chambers. 
Robert Cogswell. 
Mathew Crowder. 
Thomas Coefield. 
Mrs. Constable. 
John Caffins. 
Thomas Caffina. 
Edward Camp. 
Ezekiel Cheever. 
Jasper Crane. 
John Cowper. 
John Chapman. 
John Clarke. 
John Charles. 
John Cogswell. 
James Clarke. 
Edward Chippenfield. 
Mathew Camfield. 
Francis Church. 
Robert Ceely. 
John Davenport. 
Jeremiah Dixon. 
Ralph Deighton. 
William Davis. 
John Davis. 

Dumer. 

Thomas Dickinson. 
John Dillingham. 
Abraham Doolittle. 
George Dunning, 



Roger Duhin'st. 
John Dyer. 
Theophilus Eaton. 
Samuel Eaton. 
John Evance. 
Thomas Elsey. 
Rice Edwards. 
Mrs. Eldred. 
Nicholas Elsej\ 
Robert Emory. 
David Evance. 
Thomas Fugill. 
David Fuller. 
Timothy Forde. 
William Fowler. 
Thomas Frankland. 
Thomas French. 
William Fancie. 
Benjamin Fenn. 
Launcelott Fuller. 
Thomas Gaines. 
Mathew Gilbert. 
Stephen Goodyear. 
William Gibbons. 
William Gibbard. 
John C'ibbes. 
Widow Greene. 
Nicholas Gennings. 
Henry Glover. 
John Griffin. 
Jamee Guillam. 
Jeremiah Howe. 
Samuel Hoskins. 
William Holt. 
Richard Hull. 
Robert Hill. 
Arthur Halbridge. 
Mathias Hitchcock. 
Francis Hall. 
Andrew Hull. 
Benjamin Hawley. 
John Hull. 
TheopbilnsHigginsoB. 



f! 



Haines. 



Eiward Harwood. 

Huitt. 

• Ileckock. 

AVilliam Harding. 

"William HaAvkius, 

John Hill. ^ 

EdAvard Hitclicock. 

John Hunter. 

James Haywood. 

John Honedell. 

Luke Hitchcock. 

John Hutchison. 

Ralph Harrison. 

John Harriman. 

Hopkins. 

Hiint. 

William Ives. 

Thomas lies. 

John Jenner. 

Thomas Johnson. 

Thomas Jeffreys. 
John Johnson. 
William James. 
Robert Johnson. 
Richard Jewell. 
Thomas James. 
Thomas Kimberley. 
John Kimberley. 
William Knowles. 
Roger Knapp. 
Thomas Knowles. 
Richard Lovell. 
John Lovell. 
Thomas Laude. 
Thomas Lupton. 
Benjamin Linge. 
Andrew Low. 
John Livermore. 
George Larrimore, 
George Lamberton. 
Richard Low. 
Thomas Lamson. 
Henry Lendall. 

Lucas. 

Lucking. 

John Lawrence. 
James Love. 
Thomas Leaver. 
Henry Line. 



77 

Thomas Lord. 

Philip Leake. 

Robert Lea. 

John Lawrenson, 

Philip Leete. 

R.alph Lines. 

John Lin ley. 

Richard Lambert. 

Richard Malbon. 

John Mosse. 

Matthew Moulthrop. 

Richard Mansfield. 

Henry Morrell. 

Thomas Manchester. 

Andrew Messenger. 

Thomas Mounson. 

Thomas Mouland. 

Thomas Morris. 

John Moody. 
Thomas Mitchell. 

Richard Merriman. 

Richard Miles. 
John Massam. 
Isaac Mould. 
Stephen Medcalf. 
Peter Mallery. 
Nathan Merriman. 
John Mason. 
John Meigs. 

Marshall. 

Samuel Martin. 

Mead. 

Robert Martin, 
Jonathan Marsh. 
William Mecar. 
Robert Meaker. 
Thomas Meakes. 
Robert Newman. 
Francis Newman. 
Richard Newman. 
William Newman, 
EdAvard Newton. 
Thomas Nash. 
John Nash. 
Joseph Nash. 
Adam Nichols. 
Thomas North. 
Richard Osborne, 
Thomas Osborne. 
John Owen. 

7* 



Thomas Powell. 

William Pecke. 

Henry Pecke. 

Joseph Pecke. 

Robert Persons. 

Robert Pigg. 

Matthew Pierce. 

Benjamin Porling. 

Thomas Pell. 

Richard Perry. 

William Preston. 

John Ponderson. 

John Potter. 

Edward Pateson. 

John Peacocke. 

William Potter. 

Francis Parrett. 

John Proute, 

Thomas Parsons. 

Eli as Paekmore. 

Peter Pruden. 

Richard Piatt. 

Widow Potter. 
Daniel Paule. 
Mark Pearce. 
Epraim Pennington. 

William Paine. 

Mighill Palmer. 
Edward Parker. 
John Pardy. 
William Russell. 
James Russell, 

Roe, 

Henry Rudder ford e. 
Matthew Roa??. 
Thomas Robinson. 
John Reader. 
Jonathan Reed. 
Jonathan Rudd. 
Robert Seely. 
George Smith. 
Old Father Sherman. 
Widow Sherman. 
Mrs. Swinerton. 
John Seckett. 
Abraham Smyth. 
Anthony Stevens. 
Henry Stowell. 
James Stewart. 
Richard Sperry. 



78 



Ambrose Sutton. 
■William Stow. 
Johnathan Sergant. 
Abraham Stolyon. 
Thomas Soule. 
Humphra Spiimage. 
George Spencer. 
Nathaniel Turner. 
William Touttle. 
William Thorpe. 
John Tompson. 
Anthony Tompson. 
William Tompson. 
Thomas Troubridge. 
Christerpher Todd. 
Edward Tenche. 
John Thomas. 
John Tonttle. 
Thomas Toby. 



Robert Tamage. 
Edmand Tooly. 
Martin Titehin. 
Nicholas Tanner. 
Goodman Tap. 
Robert Usher. 
John Vincon. 
John Vincent. 
John Walker. 
John Wakeman. 
Andrew Ward. 
William Wilkes. 
Edw'd Wigglesworth. 
Samuel Whitehead. 
Isaac Whitehead. 
Widow Williams. 
John Wilforde. 
John Whitmore. 
Matthew Wilson. 



Lawrence Watts. 
John Wakefield. 
George Warde. 
Lawrence Warde. 
Benjamin WilhnoLt, 
Jeremy Whitneli. 
William White. 
Edward Watson. 
Samuel Wilson. 
Thomas Whitwaj'. 
Moses Wheeler. 
Thomas Wheeler. 
Richai d Webb. 
William Wooden. 
Thomas Welch. 
Edward WoodelifF. 
Zachariah Whitman. 
David Yule. 
Thomas Yale. 



In 1644, New Haven sent help to Fairfield and Slam- 
ford, as those towns had not numbers sufficient lo defend 
themselves from the attacks of the Indians. 

In this year, an Indian was executed at New Haven 
for attempting to murder a woman. The executioner cut 
oif his head with a falchion ; but it was cruelly done. 
He gave the Indian eight blows before he effected his ob- 
ject. The Indian sat erect and motionless until his head 
was severed from his body. 

New Haven, having been exceedingly disappointed in 
trade, and sustained great damages at Delaware, and the 
large estates which they brought into New England rap- 
idly declining, this year, made uncommon exertions, as 
far as possible, to retrieve their former losses. Combin- 
ing their money and labors, they built a ship, at Rhode 
Island, of 150 tons, and freighted her for England, with 
the best part of their commercial estates. Mr. Gregson, 
Capt. Turner, Mr. Lamberton, and five or six of their 
principal men, embarked on board. They sailed from 
New Haven in January, 1647. They were obliged to 
cut through the ice to get out of the harbor. The ship 
foundered at sea, and was never heard of after she sailed. 



79 



According to the belief of the inhabitants of that pe- 
riod, this ship was seen in the air after she was lost. We 
take the following account as we find it in Mather's Mag- 
nalia. Mather, hearing of the circumstances, wrote to his 
friend, the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, for information, and re- 
ceived from that gentleman the following answer : 

" Reverend and Bear Sir . .,1 . • „ „r 

" In compliance with your desires, I now give you the relation of 
that apparition of a sinp in the air, which I have received from the 
most credible, judicious, and curious surviving observers oi it. 

"In the vear 1647, besides much other lading, a far more rich 
treasure of "passengers, (five or six of wliich were pei-sons of chief 
note and worth in New Haven,) put themselves on board a new 
ship, built at Rhode Island, of about 150 tons; but so walty, that 
the master (Lamberton) often said she would prove their grave. In 
the month of January, cutting their way through much ice, on 
which they were accompanied with the Rev. Mr Davenport, be- 
sides many other friends, with many fears, as well as prayers and 
tears, they set sail. Mr. Davenport, in prayer, with an observable 
emphasis, used these words : - Lord, if it be thy pleasure to bury 
the^e our friends in the bottom of the sea, they are thine; save them 1 
The soring following, no tiding of these friends arrived ^^^^ the 
ships froin England. New Haven's heart began to fail her. 1 us 
put the godly people on much prayer, both pubhc ^"^ private, //mj 
the Lord would {if it was his pleasure) let them hear whath^e had done 
with their dear friends, and prepare them with a smtabe mhmssion to 
his holy will. In June next ensuing, a great thunder storm arose 
out of the north-west; after which, the hemisphere being serene 
about an hour before sunset, a ship of like f "Jf^^^^jJ^^f ^^Ji^l 
aforesaid, with her canvass and colors abroad, (though the wind 
northernly,) appeared in the air, coming up from o^.^'J^'-J^'^^^" ^.f^^d 
which lies southward from the town, seemingly ^^^h her sails fi led 
under a fresh gale, holding her course north, and ^^^^.j^^^^g/^J 
observation, sailing against the wind for the space of half ^^ ho^ • 
" Many were drawn to behold this great work of God ; 3 ea, the 
very children cried out, ' There's a brave sh^ !' At length, crowd- 
ing up as far as there is usually water sufficient for such a vessel 
and so near some of the spectators, as that they imagined a man 
might hurl a stone on board her, her mam-top seemed to he^hlown 
off^fbut left hanging in the shrouds ; t^en her mizzen-top, then all 
he; masting seemed blown away by the board Quickly after, the 
hulk brought unto a careen, she overset, and so vanished into a 
smoky cloiid, which in some time dissipated, leaving, as ever>wheie 
else, i clear air. The admiring spectators could f^^ll^^^ll'^^^' 
several colors of each part, the principal rigging, and ^"ch propoi. 
tions as caused not only the generality of persons to say ^/|^« ^«^' 
the mould of their ship, and thus was her tragic end, but Mr. Daven- 



80 

port, also, in public declared to this effect : That God had conde- 
scended, for the quieting of their afflicted spirits, this extraordinary/ 
account of his sovereign disposal of those for whom so- many fervent 
prayers were made contiriually. Thus I am. Sir, 

" Your humble servant, 

" James Pierpont." 

The loss of this ship, with the former losses which the 
company had sustained, broke up all their expectation 
with respect to trade ; and, as they conceived themselves 
disadvantageously situated for husbandry, they adopted 
the design of leaving the country. Accordingly, they 
entered into treaties for the city of Galloway, in Ireland, 
which they designed to have settled, as a small province 
for themselves. They were, however, disappointed with 
respect to all these designs, and their posterity, who they 
feared would be reduced to beggary, made respectable 
farmers, and flourished no less than their neighbors. 



It appears that the first planters had no written code of 
Laws. The Court determined all differences, &c., ac- 
cording to their views of justice and propriety, as occa- 
sion required. 

The followinor extracts are taken from the ancient Re- 
cords of New Haven during this period : 

" At a Court held at New Haven, A. D. 1643. — Andrew Low, Jr., 
for breaking into Mr. Ling's house, where he brake open a cup- 
board, and took from thence some strong water, and 6d in monej'', 
and ransackt the house from roome to roome, and left open the 
doors, for which fact being committed to pi'ison, brake forth and 
escaped, and still remains horrible obstinate and rebellious against 
his parents, and incorrigible under all the means that have been 
used to reclaim him. Whereupon, it was ordered that he shall be 
as severely whipt as the rule will bear, and work with his father as 
a prisoner, with a lock upon his leg, so that he may not escape." 

" December %d, 165L — It was propounded that some safer way 
might be found out to Connecticote, that the danger of the East 
River may be avoyded. The new waye was desired to be viewed 
again, as William Bradley offered to lend his cannow to lie in the 
East River, if the town will find ropes to draw it to and agayne." 



SI 

" A Court holden Bd November, 1639. — It is ordered that Mr, Hop- 
kins shall have two hogsheads of lime for his present use, and as 
much more as will finisli his house, as he now intends itt — he think- 
ing that two hogsheads more will serve. 

" It is ordered, that a meeting-house shall be built forthwith, 
fifty foote square ; and that the carpenters shall fall timber where 
they can find it, till allotment be layed out, and men know their 
proprietyes. 

" It is ordered, that Mr. Gregson and Mr. Evance shall have fower 
dayes liberty after this day to square their timber, before the former 
order shall take hold of them. 

" It is ordered that Mr. Eaton, Mr. Davenport, Robert ISTewman, 
Matthew Gilbert, Capt. Turner, and Thomas Fugill, shall from 
henceforward have the disposing of all house lotts, yett undisposed 
of, about this towne, to such persons as they shall judge meete for 
the good of the plantation ; and thatt none come to dwell as plant- 
ers here without their consent and allowance, whether they come 
in by purchase or otherwise. 

" It is ordered, that every one that bares amies shall be compleat- 
ly furnished with arras, viz. : a muskett, a sword, bandaleei's, a 
rest, a pound of powder, 20 bullets fitted to their muskett, or four 
pound of pistoll shott, or swan shott at least, and be ready to show 
them in the market-place upon Monday, the 16th of this monthe, 
before Captaine Turner and Lieutenant Seeley, under the penalty 
of 20s. fine for every default or absence." 

"4/A of December, 16S9. — It is ordered, that Thomas Saule shall 
agree with Goodman Spinnage before the next Court, or else the 
Court will determine the difference between them. 

" Goodman L was whipped and sent out of the plantation, 

being not onely a disorderly person himselfe, butt an incourager of 
others to disorderly drinking meetings. 

" George S , being prophane and disorderly in his whole con- 
versation, and an abettor of others to sin, and drawing on others 
into a conspericie to carry away the Cock to Virgenia, was whij^ped 
and sent out of the plantation. 

" Jon Proute, Hen. Brasier, and Will Bromfield, was whipped for 
joyuing in the aforesaid conspericie, and the said Hen. and Wm. 
were ordered to weare irons during the magistrate's pleasure." 

" At a General Court held the \st of the 1th month, 1640.— It is or- 
dered that none in this plantatione shall either sell or lett a lott to 
any strainger, for yeares, without allowance from the Courte." 

"%th Month, 1642. — It is ordered, that whosoever findes any 
things thatt are Lost, shall deliver them to the Marshall, to be kept 
safe till the owners challenge them." 



82 

'^ 2d Nov€7nber, 1^4:2. — Jervas Boy kin is ordered to pay unto 
George Badcocke the sum of 20s., for taking his cannow without 
leave. 

" It is ordered, that those who have ffarmes att the River, Called 
stony River, shall have liberty to make a sluice in the river for 
their owne convenience." 

" 1th December, 1642. — Forasmuch as John Owen hath had some 
damage done in his corne by hogs, occasioned through the neglect 
of Mr. Lamberton, John Bud, and "Will Preston, in not making up 
their fence in season, it is therefore ordered, thatt the said Mr. Lam- 
berton, John Bud, and "Will Preston shall make satisfaction to the 
said John Owen for the damage done — viz. : eight days' worke and 
two pecks of corne, which is to be pay'd according to the several 
apportion3 of ffence unset up respectively." 



About the year 1655, Gov. Eaton was desired to per- 
fect a code of laws for the colony of New Haven. For 
his assistance in the compilation, he was requested to 
consult the Rev. Mr. Cotton's discourse on civil govern- 
ment in a new plantation, and the laws of Massachusetts. 
Having accomplished the work, and the laws having been 
examined and approved by the elders of the jurisdiction, 
they were presented to the General Court, who ordered 
that five hundred copies should be printed. The copy 
was sent to England, that the impressions might be made 
under the inspection of Governor Hopkins. He pro- 
cured the printing of the laws at his own expense, and 
sent them the number proposed, with some other valuable 
books, as a present.* 

* Much has been said and written respecting the " Blue Zatvs" of 
Connecticut, particularly those of New Haven colon\^ ; and much 
merriment has been indulged at the expense of the Puritans, and 
much obloquy has been cast upon their memory on this account. 
The work which has given currency to these misrepresentations, 
more tlian any other, is an apochryphal work, known by the name 
of " Peters' History of Connecticut" Peters, the author, being a 
zealous royalist in Connectici;t, was so roughly used on account of 
his exertions in the roj'al cause, that he was obliged to leave the 
country. Smarting under the indignities which he had received, 
he went to London, where, in 1781, he published his " General His- 
torv of Connecticut," &c., without his name. The work was evi- 



83 

Tn 1656, complaints were made to the Court, at New 
Haven, that the inhabitants of Greenwich were under 
little govern ment, and demeaned themselves in a lawless 
manner. They admitted of drunkenness among them- 
selves and among the Indians, by reason of which, dam- 
ages were done to themselves, and to the towns in the 
vicinity, and the public peace was disturbed. They re- 

dently designed chiefly to render the people of Connecticut odious 
and despicable abroad. Such was the grossness of its falsehoods, 
that any attempt to expose or contradict them was deemed unne- 
cessary. 

In Professor Kingsley's Historical Discourse, on the Two Hun- 
dredth Anniversary of the first Settlement of New Haven, he 
states : " Dr. Trumbull once told me, in reply to the question, why, 
in liis History of Connecticut, he had made no allusion to this work 
of Dr. Peters, that he had considered a reference to it as wholly 
unnecessary, since any one, on very slight examination, would see 
that it was refuted in so many of its statements by indubitable pub- 
lic documents, that it could gain no credit. He said that he had 
been well acquainted with Dr. Peters from very early life, that they 
were contemporary in College, and that an occasional intercourse 
between them had been maintained, till Dr. Peters went to England, 
in 1174, He added, that of all men with whom he had ever been 
acquainted, Dr. Peters, he had thought, from his first knowledge of 
him, the least to be depended upon as to any matter of fact ; es- 
pecially ' in story-telling.' " 

Peters, in describing New Haven, says it is " divided into three 
hundred squares, of the size of Bloomsbury Square, with streets 
twenty yards wide between each division. Forty of these squares 
are already built upon, having houses of brick and stone on each 
front, above five yards asunder; every house with a garden, that 
produces vegetables sufiicient for the family. Two hundred houses 
are annually erected." New Haven, at the time this was written, 
had probably not more than four hundred and twenty houses, ten 
or twelve of which may have been of brick or stone. 

In his account of Connecticut River, he saj^s, " that about 200 
miles from the Sound, the water passes through a chasm, formed 
by ' two shelving mountains of solid rock,' and ' is consolidated, 
without frost, by pressure, by swiftness, between the pinching, 
sturdy rocks, to such a degree of induration, that an iron crow 
floats smoothly down its current ; here iron, lead, and cork have one 
common weight ; here, steady as time, and harder than marble, 
the stream passes irresistible, if not swift as lightning ; the electric 
fire rends trees in pieces with no greater ease than does this mighty 
water.' Yet on this water, ' harder than marble,' a squaw. Ire 
informs hie readers, passed through this chasm in a canoe/' 



84 

ceived children and servants who fled from the correction 
of their parents and masters, and unlawfully joined per- 
sons in wedlock, with other misdemeanors. 

Upon this, the General Court asserted their right to 
Greenwich, and ordered the inhabitants to submit to their 
jurisdiction. But they continued much in the same state, 
and sent a letter to the Court, denying their jurisdiction, 
and refusing any subjection to the colony, unless they 
should be compelled to it by the Parliament. The Court, 
therefore, resolved, that, unless they should appear be- 
fore the Court and make their submission by the 25th of 
June, Richard Crab, and others, who were the most stub- 
born among them, should be arrested and punished ac^ 
cordino- to law. They therefore, some time after, sub- 
jected their persons and estates to the government of 
New E.a\ en.— Trumbull's Hist, qf Conn.., Vol, 1. 



In 1665, the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven 
were united, but not without a long and warm opposition 
from the latter colony. Among the causes which ex- 
cited this opposition was the laxity of discipline in the 
Churches of Connecticut. 

Mr. Davenport and others, in the New Haven colony, 
were strong in the opinion that all government should be 
in the Church. No person in this colony could be a free- 
man, unless he was a member in full communion. But. 
in Connecticut, all orderly persons, possessing a freehold 
to a certain amount, might be made free of the corpora- 
tion. These gentlemen who were so strong in the oppo- 
sition, were doubtless jealous that an union would mar 
the purity, order, and beauty of their churches, and have 
an ill influence on the civil administrations. The removal 
of the seat of government, with strong prejudices, all 
operated in forming the opposition. 

In the year 16(i7, the Rev. Mr. Davenport, of New 
Haven, having been invited to take charge of the First 
Church in Boston, accepted the invitation, and the next 
year removed to that capital. He had been about thirty 
years minister at New Kaven, and was greatly esteemed 



85 

and beloved by his congregation. His Church were very 
unwilling that he should leave them, and never formally 
gave their consent. Owing to his removal, the Church 
and congregation at New Haven for many years w^ere 
unable to unite in the choice of a person to take the pas- 
toral charge of them. Mr. Davenport died at Boston of 
an apoplexy, March 15th, 1G70, in the 73d year of his 
age. 

On the 23d of October, 1740, the Rev. George Whit- 
field paid a visit to New Haven, where he preached, and 
had the pleasure of seeing numbers daily impressed with 
divine truth. About the same time, there was a sfreat 
revival of religion throughout the New England States, 
which gave rise to numerous irregularities, as lay ex- 
horters and ministers sprung up who were inclined to 
follow impulses, professing to know from an inward feel- 
ing the state of men's souls — who v^^ere converted and 
who were not. 

" Among persons of this description, was a Mr. James 
Davenport, of Southold, on Long Island, who had the 
reputation of being a pious, sound, and faithful minister. 
He preached at New Haven, where he gave an unre- 
strained liberty to noise and outcry, both of distress and 
joy, in time of divine service. He promoted both with 
all his might, raising his voice to the highest pitch, to- 
gether with the most violent agitations of body. With 
his unnatural and violent agitations of the body, he united 
a strange singing tone, which greatly tended to raise the 
feelings of weak and undiscerning people, and conse- 
quently to heighten the confusion among the passionate 
of his hearers. This odd, disagreeable tuning of the 
voice in exercises of devotion was caught by the zealous 
exortists, and became a characteristic of the separate 
preachers. The whole sect was distinguished by this 
sanctimonious tone. It was Mr. Davenport's manner, 
when a member had cried out, and there had been great 
agitations of the body, to pronounce these tokens of di- 
vine favor ; and what was still worse, he would declare 
those persons who were the subject of these outcries and 
agitations to be converted ; or that they had come to 
Christ. He encouraged any who were reputed to be 

8 



lively, zealous Christians, to exhort publicly in full as- 
semblies, with ministerial assurance and authority, though 
altogether raw and uns'killful in the word of righteous- 
ness. What had still more mischievous influence than 
all the rest, was his undertaking to examine his brethren 
in the ministry as to their spiritual state, and publicly to 
decide concerning them, whether they were converted 
or unconverted. Such as refused to be examined by him 
were certain to be denounced as either unconverted, or 
in a very doubtful condition. Some whom he had pri- 
vately examined, and, to all appearance, were of as much 
grace as himself, he would, in his public prayers, pro- 
nounce to be unconverted. Thus, disorder, jealousy, and 
confusion were sown in the Churches. He represented 
it as a dreadful thing to hear unconverted ministers ; that 
their preaching was worse than poison ; and he warned 
the people against it." 

His brethren remonstrated against these wild measures, 
and represented to him that he must be under the influ- 
ence of a wrong spirit ; but he, persisting in his course, 
was complained of, and brought before the General 
Court of Massachusetts, and dismissed, as not being of a 
sound mind. 

Two young men belonging to Yale College, adopting 
the sentiments of the separatists, and refusing to acknowl- 
edge their error, were expelled from that institution in 
the year 1744.'* — TrumlulVs Hist, of Conn,, Vol. 2. 



The annexed map is a reduced copy of the oldest map 
of the town of New Haven now known to be in exist- 
ence. It exhibits all the public buildings and private 
dwellings, with the names of many of the occupants. It 
settles the point respecting the place where Col. Dixwell, 
one of the regicides, resided. His dwelling house, as 
will be seen by the map, was near the corner of Grove 
and College-streets, and opposite the garden of the Med- 
ical Institution. 



87 



A 'plan of the town of New Haven, as taken by Mr. Joseph 

Broivn, in the year 1724. 




a Edyes. 
b Edyes. 
c White. 
d Nott. 
e Dawson. 
/ Beecher. 
g Thomas. 
h Gregson's. 

i Meeting-House. 

j School. 

k Old Dixwell's. 

/ Sam, Tuttle. 



m Deacon Bradley. 
n J. Bradley, 
o Nat. Bradle}". 
p Thompson's. 
q Trowbridge. 
r Trowbridge. 
s Roswell's. 
t Talmage. 
u Nath'l Jones. 
V Munson. 
It) Dan. Bradley. 
X Jonas Todd, 



y James Talmadge. 



1 


Atwater's. 


2 


Mansfield's, 


3 


G Oram's. 


4 


Collins. 


6 


Rutherford's. 


6 


Sherman's. 


7 


J. Brown's. 


8 


Rothbotham. 


9 


Nat. Brown'a 


10 


C, Brown's. 



11 Engliss. 



88 

In 1748, (twenty-four years after the above map was 
taken,) Gen. Wadsworth, of Durham, drew a plan of the 
town, with all the buildings, to which was added the 
names and professions at that period, also the location of 
lots to many of the first grantees. This map was pub- 
lished about 1806, by T. Kensett, engraver. 



The following are fJie Names and Professions of the In- 
habitants of New Haven in 1748. 



Austin, Ste., Joiner. 

Austin, Sam., Hatter. 

Atwater, Dav. 

Atwater, John, Cooper. 

Atwater, Isaac, Farmer. 

Atwater, Ja., Shoemaker. 

Atwater, Mary. 

Atwater, Jon., Farmer. 

Allen, Ste., Mariner. 

Allen, Th. 

Allen, Sa., Shoemaker. 

Ailing, "Widow. 

Andrew, Abigal. 

Andrews. 

Brown, Eleaz'r, Farmer. 

Brown, Elea., Jr., Tailor. 

Brown, Jn. 

Brown, Tim., S^nith. 

Brown, Sa. 

Bradley, Jn. , Clothier. 

Bradley, A., Farmer 

Bradle}', Currier. 

Beecher, ISTath., Smith. 

Bishop, Job., Weaver. 

Bishop, Sa., Farmer. 

Blakeslee, Widow. 

Bonticou, Tim., Silversmith. 

Ball, Ste., Hatter. 

Boroughs, Jo., Hatter. 

Crawford. 

Chatterton, Wm., Mason. 

Chatterton, Sa., Shoemaker. 

Chidsey, Dinah. 

Cook, Jed., Mariner. 

Cook, Sa., Innkeeper. 



Cooper, Farmer. 
Curtis, Priest. 
Carver, Widow. 
Clapp, T., Pres. Yale College. 
Dickerman, John, Clothier. 
Dickerman, Jo's, Farmer. 
Dickerman, J., Farmer. 
Dinslow, Wm., Laborer. 
Dunbar, Farmer. 
Day, Aaron, Merchant. 
Darling, Sa., Attorney. 
Doolittle, Isaac, Clock Maker. 
Diodate, Wm., Merchant. 
English, Ben., Cooper. 
Eliot, Jno., Merchant. 
Eyres, Simon. 

Ford, Matthew, Wheelwright. 
Gorham, Hez., Smith. 
Gorham, Tim. 
Gilbert, Dav., Tanner. 
Gilbert, Dav. Jr., Tanner. 
Greenough, Wm., SJiip Carpenter. 
Hotchkiss, Joshua, Farmer. 
Ilotchkiss, Keh., Farmer. 
Hotchkiss, Hez., Clochnaker. 
Hotchkiss, Caleb, Farmer. 
Howell, T., Merchant. 
Howell, Ste., Merchant. 
Hubbard, Jn., PJiysician. 
Hubbard, L., Physician. 
Hitchcock, Jo., Farmer. 
Holt, J., Parmer. 
Hall, Jn., Farmer. 
Harris, Sarah, 
Ingraham, Ship Carpenter. 



Ingersoll, Jared, Lawyer. 

Johnson, Jn., Farmer. 

Jones, Tim., Merchant. 

Jethro, (a black man,) Farmer. 

Kimbevly, Zuriel, Shoemaker. 

Leek, Jn. 

Lyon, Wm., Merchant. 

Lyon, "Widow. 

Mansfield, Sa., Merchant. 

I^Iansfield, Nathan, Farmer. 

]\Iansfield, Jon., Farmer. 

Mansfield, Mo., Schoolmaster. 

Mansfield, Ste., Mariner. 

Mix, Tim., Physician. 

Mix, Nath., Farmer. 

Mix, T., Farmer. 

Mix, Innkeeper. 

Mix, Caleb, Farmer. 

Mix, Sa., Schoolmaster. 

Munson, Sa., Shoemaker. 

Munson, Widow. 

Munson. 

Munson, Ben., Schoolmaster. 

Munson, Israel, Innkeeper. 

Munson, Th., Smith. 

Miles, Jon., Shoemaker. 

Miles, Jo., Farmer. 

Miles, Jno., Cooper. 

Miles, Sa., Mariner. 

Morrison, Th. 

Maeumber, Jn., Farmer. 

Nevins. 

Nesbit. 

Noyes, Jo., Priest. 

Osborn, J. 

Potter, Noah. 

Punchard, Wm., Mariner. 

Punderson. 

Punderson. 

Pierce, Widow. 

Parmallee, He., Shoemaker. 

Prout, Jno., Oent. 



89 

Peck, Ja., Innkeeper. 
Peck, Ro., Saddler. 
Peck, Ste., Block Maker. 
Perkins, Farmer. 
Potter, Joel, Shoemaker. 
Pomeroy, Tailor. 
Pierpont, Ja., Gent. 
Row, Jn., Mariner. 
Russel, Dan., Joiner. 
Rexfird, Philip, Joiner. 
Sherman, J , Tailor. 
Sabin, Hez., Merchant. 
Sacket, Jn., Farmer. 
Scott, Wm., Barber. 
Smith, Israel. 
Tuttle, Enos, Miller. 
Tuttle, Ab., Sexton. 
Tuttle, Widow. 
Tuttle, Ja., Sexton. 
Tuttle, Noah. 
Tuttle. 

Talmadge, Ro., Farmer. 
Talmadge, Jno., Mariner. 
Talmadge, ^., Mariner. 
Talmadge, Ja., Joiner. 
Thomas, Ha., Farmer. 
Thomas, Caleb, Farmer. 
Thompson, Josiah, Joiner. 
Thompson, Ja., Merchant. 
Thompson, Jno. 
Trowbridge, Dan. 
Trowbridge, Jo., Mariner. 
Trowbridge, Ste., Joiner. 
Todd, Jo., Shoemaker. 
Todd, Michael, Merchant. 
Townsend, Ju., Barber. 
Thorp. 

Wilmot, T., Joiner. 
White, J., Farmer. 
White, Jn., Mariner. 
Wooster, Da., Merchant, 
Whiting, Jn., Gent. 



JOHN DAVENPORT. THEOPHILUS EATON. 

John Davenport was born in 159*7, in Coventry, Eng., of which 
citv his father Avas the mayor. He was educated at the University 
of Oxford. He took orders in the established Church, at the age 
of nineteen, and preached in St. Stephen's Church, Colman-street, 
London. His early friend, Eaton, was one of his parishioners. 

8* 



90 











Fac-slmile of the signatures of Davenport and Eaton. 

About the year 1630, be united with Dr. Gouge, Dr. Sibs, and others, 
in a design of purchasing impropriations, and, with the profits of 
them, to provide for poor and destitute congregations. Bishop 
Laud, being apprehensive that this project would promote the in- 
terests of non-conformity, caused the company to be dissolved and 
the money confiscated to the use of the king. 

Mr. Davenport, having become a conscientious non-conl'ormist was exposed to 
Eiich persecution, that he retired to Holland at the close of 1633. After a resi- 
dence in that country of about three j'eara, he returned to London, to unite with 
his friends in removing to America, Having received a favorable account of the 
country from Mr. Cotton, Mr. Davenport. Mr. Eaton, and others, sailed for Bos- 
ton, where they arrived June 3d, 1637. They were received with great respect. 
On the 30ih of March, 1638, Messrs. Eaton, Davenport, and their associates, sailed 
from Boston for Quinnipiac, where, in about a fortnight, they arrived in safety. 

Mr. Wilson, pastor of the First Church in Boston, having died in 1667, Mr. Da- 
venport was invited to succeed him. The next year, in accordance with their 
wishes, he removed to that town. His labors here were, however, of short dura- 
tion, as he died of an apoplexy, March 11th, 1670 and was buried in the tomb of 
his friend, John Cotton. '■ He was a distinguished scholar, an admirable preacher, 
and a man of exemplary piety and virtue." He was also distinguished for his 
zeal in promoting the interests of education in the new settlements. 

Theophilus Eaton was born at Stony Stratford, Oxfordshire, En- 
gland, about 1592. His father was the minister of that place, and 
afterwards of Coventry. He was bred a mercliant, and was for 
several j'eavs agent of the King of England at the court of Den- 
mark ; and after his return, prosecuted liis business in London, 
with high reputation. He accompanied Mr. Davenport to Kew 
England, and was one of the principal founders of New Haven. 
Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport may be considered as the " Moses 
and Aaron" of the colony. For nineteen successive years, till his 
death, on Jan. 7th, 1658, he was annually elected Governor. 

Gov. Eaton was twice married ; his second wife being the widow of David 
Yale, Esq , and daughter of the Bishop of Chester. After his death his widow 
returned to England with her little grandson, Elihu Yale, whose benefactions in 
later life to the Collegiate School in his native town will transmit his name to 
coming generations. 

Gov. Eaton was buried just behind the Center Church. A sand stone tabular 
monument was erected to his memory at the expense of the Colony, in token of 
public gratitude, having the following inscription : 

"THEOPHILUS EATON, ESQ., Gov., deceased Jan. 7th, 16.57. [8.] 
" Eaton, so fam'd, so wise, so meek, so just. 
The Phoenix of our world, he hides his dust, 
This name forget, New England never must," 



AN ACCOUNT OF GENERALS 

GOFF, WHALLEY, AND COL. DIXWELL, 

COMMONLY CALLED 

THE KEaiCIDES.- 

After the death of Oliver Cromwel], and at the pe 
riod of the restoration of monarchy in England, many 
of the Judges who had condemned King Charles I. to 
death were apprehended ; thirty we)e condemned, and 
ten were executed. Others of the Judges made their es- 
cape. Three of the number, Generals Goff and Whal- 
ley, and Col. Dixwell, found a refuge in New England. 




^{;£v 0ixtA^ 



Signatures of Ge^is. Goff, Whalley, and Col. Dixwell. 

[Copied from a fac-simile of the death-warrant for the execution 
of Charles I., in the Trumbull Gallery, Yale College, New Haven. 
The seals affixed to each signature are nearly obliterated.] 

The most authentic account we have of Goff and 
Whalley, after their arrival here, is from Gov. Hutchin- 
son's History of Massachusetts, first printed in 1764. 
The Governor derived his facts from Goff's journal, or 



92 

diary, for sevpn years from his departure front London 
in 1660, to 1667. It consisted of several pocket volumes, 
in Goff"'s hand writing, which were preserved in Dr. 
Cotton Mather's library in Boston. Dr. Stiles, in his 
" History of the Judges," says he saw one of these little 
manuscript volumes, from which he made several extracts. 
These volumes, with Governor Hutchinson's other valu- 
able papers, were either destroyed or carried off by the 
mob who rifled his house in 1765. 

William Goff, Esq., was a son of the Rev. Stephen 
Goff, a Puritan divine, Rector of Stanmer, in Sussex. 
He lived with Mr. Vaughan, a dry Salter in London, a 
great partisan of the Parliament, and a zealous Presby- 
terian. Disliking trade, and the war opening, he repaired 
to the Parliament army, where his merit raised him to 
be a Quartermaster, and then a Colonel of foot, and af- 
terwards a General. He rendered the Protector great 
service, in assisting Colonel White in purging the Parlia- 
ment. For this and other services, he received Lambert's 
post of Major General of foot. He was returned from 
Great Yarmouth in the Parliament of 1654 ; and for the 
County of Southampton in 1656. Last of all, he was 
called up into the Protector's House of Lords. At the 
Restoration, he left the kingdom with Whalley, whose 
daughter he married, and came with him to New England. 

Goff 's Journal, after his arrival in New England, ac- 
cording to Governor Hutchinson, contained every little 
occurrence in the town and neighborhood, of places 
which they (Goff and Whalley) visited. They had very 
constant and exact inteliigence of every thing which 
passed in England, and were unwilling to give up all 
hopes of deliverance. They had no doubt that the exe- 
cution of the Judges was the slaying of the witnesses 
foretold in the Book of Revelations. They were disap- 
pointed when the year 1666 had passed without any re- 
markable event, but flattered themselves that the Chris, 
tian era might be erroneous. After the second year of 
his sojourn, Goff wrote to his wife, under the name of 
TValte?- GoldsDiith, calling her Francis Goldsmith, and the 
correspondence is carried on as between a mother and 
son : his daughters he calls his sisters. 



93 



Edward Whalley descended from a family of great 
antiquity, and was a relative of Oliver Cromwell. He 
was a second son, and brought up to merchandise. No 
sooner did the contest between King Charles and his 
Parliament blaze out, than he (though in the middle age 
of his life) took up arms in defence of the liberties of the 
subject ; and this in oppositton to the sentiments of his 
nearest relations. Probably his religious opinions deter- 
mined him more than any other consideration. And 
though the use of arms must have been new to him, yet 
he early distinguished himself in the Parliament service, 
in many sieges and battles ; but in none more than in the 
battle of Naseby, in 1645 ; in which he charged and de- 
feated two divisions of Langdale's horse, though sup- 
ported by Prince Rupert, who commanded the reserve ; 
for which Parliament, January 21st, 1645-6, voted him 
to be a Colonel of Horse ; and. May 9th, the following 
year, they gave him the thanks of the House, and dfilOO, 
to purchase two horses, for his brilliant action at Banbury, 
which he took by storm ; and afterwards marched to 
Worcester ; which city surrendered to him July 23d 
following. 

Cromwell confided so much in him, that he committed 
the person of the Ki^ig to his care. The loyalists have 
charged him with severity to his royal prisoner; but the 
monarch himself, in a letter he left behind him, when he 
made his escape, fully exculpates him from that charge. 

He was one of the commissioners appointed and au- 
thorized by Parliament as the High Court of Justice, 
and sat in that august tribunal, which had the intrepid- 
ity and fortitude to pass judgment on a King, one^ of 
whose judges he was, and the warrant for whose execution 
he signed. 

At the battle of Dunbar, September 3d, 1650, he, with 
Monk, commanded the foot, and greatly contributed to 
the complete defeat of the Scotch army. Cromwell left 
him in Scotland, with the rank of Commissary General, 
and gave him the command of four regiments of horse, 
with which he performed many actions that gained him 
great honor. - 

He continued a steady friend to his cousin Oliyer, after 



94 

he had raised himself to the sovereignty, and was intrust- 
ed by him with the government of the counties of Lin- 
coln, Nottingham, Derby, Warwick, and Leicester, by 
the name of Blajor General. He was one of the Repre- 
sentatives of Nottinghamshire, in the Parliament held in 
1654 and 1656. The Protector made him Commissary 
General for Scotland, and called him up to his other 
House, 

Gen. Whalley is supposed to have died at Hadley, 
Mass., at the house of the Rev, Mr. Russel, and was bu- 
ried somewhere on his premises, before the year 1680. 
According to a letter written by G off to his wife in 1674, 
Whalley's mind appears to be somewhat impaired be- 
fore his decease, as is seen in the following extract : 

" Your old friend, Mr, R. \^Gen. Whalley] is yet living, but con- 
tinues in that weak condition of which I formerly have given you 
account, and have not much to add. He is scarce capable of any 
rational discourse, his memory and speech doth so much fail him, 
and seems not to take much notice of any thing that is either done 
or said, but patiently bears all things, and never complains of any 
thing. , , , , , The common and very frequent question is to 
know how he doth, and his answer, for the most part, is, ' Very 
well, I praise God,' which he utters with a very low and weak 

voice When he wants any thing he cannot speak 

well for it, because he forgets the name of it, and sometimes asks 
for one thing when he means another, so that his eye. or finger is 
oftentimes a better interpreter of his mind than his tongue. , , 
He has not been able of a long time to dress or undress himself; 

nor to feed orderly without help, and it is a great 

mercy that he hath a friend that takes pleasuro in being helpful to 
him ; and I bless the Lord that gives me such an opportunity, and 
a heart to use it in so good and necessarj^ work," 



The two Judges, GofT and Whalley, arrived at Boston 
from England, the 27th of July, 1660, and took up their 
residence in Cambridge ; but finding it unsafe to remain 
any longer, they left that place, and arrived at New Ha- 
ven the 7th of March, 1661. They were well treated by 
the minister and magistrates, and for some days thought 
themselves entirely out of danger. But the news of the 
king's proclamation being brought to New Haven, they 
were obliged to abscond. The 27th of March they re- 
turned, and lay concealed in the house of Mr. Davenport, 



95 

the minister, until the 30lh of April. Mr. Davenport 
was threatened with being called to an account, for con- 
cealing and comforting tiaitors ; but the judges, who had 
before removed fiom Mr. D.'s house upon intimation of 
his danger, generously resolved to deliver themselves up 
to the authorities of New Haven. They accordingly let 
the Deputy Governor, Mr. Leete, know where they were ; 
but he took no measures to secure them, and the next day 
some of their friends came to them and advised them not 
to surrender. Having publicly shown themselves at New 
Haven, they had cleared Mr. Davenport from the suspi- 
cion of concealing them ; after which, they returned to 
their cave, which still goes by the name of the Judges* 
Cave. It is situated near the top of West Rock, about 
half a mile from the southern extremity. It is a place 
well cliosen for observing any approach to the mountain ; 
likewise, any vessel coming into the harbor, can from this 
rock be easily seen. The cave is formed on a. base of 
perhaps forty feet square, by huge broad pillars of stone, 
fifteen or twenty feet high, standing erect and elevated 
above the surrounding superficies of the mountain, sur- 
rounded with trees, which then concealed it from obser^ 
vatidu. The apertures being closed with branches of 
trees, or otherwise, a well covered and convenient lodg- 
ment might be formed, as these rocks, being contiguous 
at the top, furnished space below large enough lo con- 
tain bedding, and two or three persons. Mr. Richard 
Sperry, who lived on the west side of the Rock, about a 
mile from this cave, supplied them with daily food, some- 
times carrying it himself, and at other times sending it by 
his boys, tied up in a cloth, with directions to leave in on 
a certain stump, from \^hich the Judges would take it. 

The incident which caused them to leave the cave was 
this : the mountain being a haunt for wild animals, one 
night, as the Judges lay in bed, a panther or catamount, 
putting his head into the aperture of the cave, blazed his 
eye-balls in such a frightful manner upon them, as greatly 
terrified them. One of them took to his heels, and fled 
down to Sperry's house for safety. Considering this 
situation too daiigerous to remain any longer, they 
quitted it. 



96 




South view of the Judges^ Cave. 




View from the top of the Judges^ Cave. 

A, East Haven Church. B, New Haven. C, Long Island, D, 
Southern extremity of the West Rock. E, Top of the Cave or 
Rock. 



On the perpendicular rock shown in the engraving was formerly 
very legibly engraved, " Opposition to 2'i/rants is Obedience to God." 
The first time the Judges lodged in the aperture formed by these iso- 
lated rocks appeared to have been, according to Goff 'a Journal, on 
the fifteenth of Mav, 1661, 



I 



97 

i s '* Anotlier place of their abode, in the vicinity of New 
I Haven, was at a spot called The Lodge. It was situated 
at a spring, in a valley, about three miles west, or a little 
north-west, from the last mentioned residence. North of 
it was an eminence, called the Fort, to this day, from 
which there was a full view of the harbor, to the south- 
east, seven miles off. There were several other places 
on and about the West Rock which were used by them 
for places of concealment. The two mentioned were 
their principal places, however." — Stiles^ Hist. Judges. 

Among the many traditionary anecdotes and stories 
concerning the events which took place at and about the 
time the Judges' pursuers v/ere at New Haven, are the 
following : 

1. The day they were expected, the Judges walked out 
towards the Neck Bridge, the road the pursuers must 
enter the town. At some distance from the bridge, the 
sheriff, who was then Mi'. Kimberly, overtook them with 
a warrant for their apprehension, and endeavored to take 
them. The Judges stood upon their defence, and planted 
themselves behind a tree ; being expert at fencing, they 
defended themselves with their cudgels, and repelled the 
officer, who went into town to obtain assistance, and upon 
his relurn, found they had escaped into the woods beyond 
his reach. 

2. That immediately after this, during the same day, 
the Judges hid themselves under the Neck Bridge, where 
they lay concealed while the pursuivants rode over it, 
and passed into town ; and that the Judges returned to 
New Haven that night, and lodged at the house of Mr. 
Jones. All this, tradition says, was a preconcerted and 
contrived business, to show that the magistrates at New 
Haven had used their endeavors to apprehend them be- 
fore the arrival of the pursuers. 

3. That when the pursuers were searching the town, 
the Judges, in shifting their situations, happened by acci- 
dent or design at the house of a Mrs. Eyers, a respecta- 
ble lady. She, seeing the pursuivants coming, ushered 
her guests out at the back door, who after walking a short 
distance, instantly returned to the house, and were con- 
cealed by her in one of the apartments. The pursuers, 

9 



98 

coming in, inquired whether the regicides were at her 
house. She answered, they had been there, but were 
just gone away, and pointed out the course they went into 
the woods and fields. By her polite and artful address, 
she diverted their attention from the house, and putting 
them upon a false scent, thereby secured her friends. 

4. That while the Judges were at the house of Mr. 
Richard Sperry, they were surprised with an unexpected 
visit from their pursuers, whom they espied at a distance ; 
as the causeway to the house lay through a morass, on 
each side of which was an impassible swamp. They 
were seen by the Judges when several rods from the 
house, who therefore had time to make their escape to 
the mountain. 

5. At or about the time the pursuers came to New 
Haven, and perhaps a little before, to prepare the minds 
of the people for their reception, the Rev. Mr. Daven- 
port preached publicly from this text — Isaiah xvi, 3, 4 : 
" Take counsel, execute judgment, make tky shadow as the 
night in the midst of the noonday ; hide the outcasts, betray 
not him that wander eth. Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, 
Moah ; he thou a covert to them from the face of the spoil- 
er." This, doubtless, had its effect, and put the Mhole 
town upon their guard, and united the people in caution 
and concealment. 

To show the dexterity of the Judges at fencing, the 
following story is told : That while at Boston, there ap- 
peared a fencing master, who, on a stage erected for the 
purpose, walked it for several days, challenging and de- 
fying any one to play with him at swords. At length one 
of the Judges, disguised in a rustic dress, holding in one 
hand a cheese, wrapped in a napkin, for a shield, with a 
broom-stick, whose mop he had besmeared with diity 
puddle water as he passed along : thus equipped, he 
mounted the stage. The fencing master railed at him for 
his impudence, asked what business he had there, and bid 
him begone. The Judge stood his ground ; upon which 
the gladiator made a pass at him with his sword, to drive 
him off — a rencounter ensued — the Judge received the 
sword into the cheese, and held it until he drew the mop 
of the broom gently over his mouth, and gave the gentle- 



99 

man a pair of whiskers. He made another pass, and 
iilunfjliicr his sword a second time, it was cauQ^ht and held 
in the cheese, whilst the mop was drawn gently over his 
eyes. At a third lunge, it was again caught and held in 
the cheese, until the Judge had rubbed the broom all over 
his face. Upon this, the gentleman let fall his small sword, 
and took up the broad sword. The Judge then said, 
•* Stop, sir : hitherto, you see, I have only played with 
you, and not attempted to harm you ; but if you come at 
me now with the broad sword, know that I will certainly 
take your life." The firmness with which he spoke 
struck the master, who, desisting, exclaimed, " Who can 
you be 1 You must be either Goif, Whalley, or the 
Devil, for there was no other man in England that could 
beat me." 

On the 13th of October, 1664, they left New Haven, 
and arrived at Hadley the latter part of the same month. 
During their abode at Hadley, the famous Indian war, 
culled " King PhU'q^'s War," took place. The pious 
congregation of Hadley were observing a Fast on the 
occasion of this war; and being at public worship in the 
meeting-house, September 1st, 1675, were suddenly sur- 
rounded by a body of Indians. It was customary in the 
frontier towns, and even at New Haven, in these Indian 
wars, for a select number of the congregation to go armed, 
to public worship. It was so at Hadley at this time. 
The people immediately took to their arms, but were 
thrown into great confusion. Had Hadley been taken, 
the discovery of the Judges would have been unavoidable. 
Suddenly, and in the midst of the people, there appeared 
a man of very venerable aspect, and different from the 
inhabitants in his apparel, who took the command, ar- 
ranged and ordered them in the best military manner. 
Under his direction, they repelled and routed the enemy, 
and thereby saved the town. He immediately vanished, 
and the inhabitants could account for the phenomenon in 
no other way, but by considering that person as an angel 
sent of God upon that special occasion for their deliver- 
ance ; and for some time after, said and believed that 
they had been saved by an angel. Nor did they know 
otherwise till fifteen or twenty years after, when at length 



100 

it became known at Hadley that the two Judges had been 
secreted there. The angel was Goff, for Whalley was 
superannuated in 1675. The last letter from Goff of 
which we have any knowledge is dated April 2, 1679 ; 
it is dated " Ebenezer,''^ the name given to his different 
places of abode. One tradition is, that after the death of 
Whalley, his father-in-law, Goff left Hadley and went to 
Hartford, and afterwards to New Haven. Here he visited 
his friend Dixwell ; but being fearful of discovery, he 
wandered about and lived in secret places, and died some- 
where in, or near New Haven, where he was buried 
secretly. The correctness of this tradition is somewhat 
HEAD STONK Confirmed by a monument &till re- 

1 foot broad, 10 inches raining behind the Center Church, 
high. at the N.E. angle of Dixwell's new 

monument, nearly covered up by 
the earth. The annexed engrravinsf 
shows Its shape, and the inscription 
upon it. The M. is so engraved 
that it may be taken for an inverted 
W, and thus W. G. read for William 
Goff, which seems more probable, 
as a deep, strong line is cut under- 
neath the M., evidently intentional. The figures 80, over 
these initials, probably refer to 1680, the year of his 
death. 

The object of having obscure or indefinite inscriptions 
over the remains of the Judges, was evidently to prevent 
a discovery of their burial places by their enemies. It 
was justly feared that if in their power to have obtained 
their bodies, they would have treated them with every 
indignity. 

A Royalist historian, in speaking of Goff, thus remarks : 
** In 1660, a little before the restoration of King Charles 
11. , he betook himself to his heels to save his neck, with- 
out any regard had to his majesty's proclamation ; wan- 
dered about, fearing every one that he met should slay 
him ; and was living at Lausanna in 1664, with Edward 
Ludlow, Edward Whalley, and other regicides, w^hen 
John Lisle, another of that number, was there by cer- 
tain generous royalists dispatched. He afierwards lived 




101 

several years in vagaboiidship ; but when he died, or 
where his carcass was buried, is as yet unknown to me.'* 
That General GofF was for a time concealed in Hart- 
ford, seems quite probable from the following letter of Sir 
Edmund Andross to Gov. Leete of Connecticut, still pre- 
served among the Miscellaneous State Papers, vol. 1 : 

Hon'hle S'rs. — Being informed by Deposicon* liere taken upon 
Oath that Coll Goth hath been and is still kept and concealed by 
Capt. Joseph Bull and his sons in the Towne of Hartford under the 
name of Mr Cooke the sd Goth and Coll Whaley (who is since 
dead in yor parts) having been persued as Traitors, that I may not 
be wanting in my duty, doe hereby giue you the above intimacon, 
noe wayes doubting of yor loyalty in every respect and remaine 
Hon'ble Srs. Your affectionate neighbor and humble servant 

E. Andross. 
New York, May 18th, 1680. 

Superscription — 

For the Honoble John Leete Esqr Governor and the Assistants 
of His Maties Colony of Connecticut, att Hartford. These. For 
his Maties special service. Matthias Nichols, Sec'yn 

On the receipt of this letter, June 10th, the Governor 
and Secretary dispatched a special warrant to the Mar- 
shal and Constables " to make diligent search in the 
houses, out-houses, and all places therein, for the sayd 
Coll. GofF, &c." As might have been expected, no per- 
son, by that time, was found to apprehend, answering the 
description given. 

The evidence is quite clear that General Whalley died 
at Hadley, and was buried somewhere on, or near the 
premises of Mr. Russell, the minister of that place. The 
tradition is, that his remains were afterwards taken up, 
and interred near those of his companions in arms, 
Colonel Dixwell, General Goff, and their common friend, 



* This deposition was recently discovered among New York Colonial MSS. at 
Albany, endorsed " The Deposicon of John London of Windsor in Connecticutt 
Apr. 20. 1678." This deponent certified that he, with Dr. Howard, of Windsor, 
(who knew Goff in England) went to the house of (Japt. Bull, and were well 
satisfied that he was the person. He also states that Whalle y was dead and buried 
in Hadley, and that the Trade driven by said Bull or his children, in Goods or 
Merchandize, was on behalf of said Gotf ; and that Mr. James Richards, of Hart- 
ford, brought over a cargo for him "about two yeares agoe." 

9* 



102 

Governor Jones,* in the rear of the Center Church in 
New Haven. The tradition also is, that the stones now 




HEAD STONE. 

2 feet wide and high, 8 inches thick. — Blue dark stone. 




* Generals Goff and Whalley (it is said) sailed from England with 
Gov. Jones, of New Haven, which circumstance probably had some 
influence in bringing the Regicides to New Haven. Gov. Jones was 
buried by the side of his father-in-law, Gov. Eaton. Col. Dixwell's 
grave almost touched that of the governor's, and the monuments 
said to be those of Goff and "Whalley are about twelve feet from 
the same place. 



103 

remaining, inscribed with the letters E. W., [for Edward 
Wkalle?/] designate the place of interment. 

The annexed is a correct copy of each of the E. W. 
stones. The reader will observe in the cut, that the date 
(m Whalley's head stone may be read 1658, which was 
about twenty years before his death. The extension, 
however, of the line, in a direct course beyond the curve 
of the 5, has the aspect of design for concealment. The 
inscription upon the foot stone E. W., and the three 
figures 16-8, are plain and distinct; but the intermediate 
figure is obscure. In the date of the foot stone, the 5 is 
discernible ; the upper line of the 7 is also obvious. Tt 
may be read, therefore, 1658 or 1678; and there is little 
doubt but that the latter was the date intended, as, accord- 
ing to GofF's letter to his wife, Whalley died about this 
time. 

Col. John Dixwell was another of King Charles's 
Judges. He was born in the county of Kent, England. 
He was a gentleman in good and easy circumstances, be- 
ing possessed of a manor and other estates in England. 
Engaging in the civil wars, he became an officer in the 
army under the Parliament and Protectorate ; was nomi- 
nated sheriff of the county of Kent, and became member 
of Parliament for Kent in 1654. At the Restoration, he 
abdicated his country, in 1660 ; but when he first came to 
New England is unknown. The first notice we have of 
him is in GofF's Journal, while the Judges were at Had- 
ley, wherein it is entered that Colonel Dixwell came to 
them there February 10th, 1664-5 ; but ever after they 
called him Mr. Davids ; and afterwards he went by the 
name of James Davids, Esq.j till his death. 

The time when Col. Dixwell first came to New Haven is 
unknown, but is supposed to have been about the year 
1670. During the time he resided in New Haven he 
was known by the name of James Davids, and nothing 
extraordinary occurred concerning him. From 1674 to 
1685, the Church had no settled minister with whom he 
might associate. The Rev. Nicholas Street, the minister 
at his first cominof here, soon died. For above eleven 
years, the Church was destitute of a pastor, and supplied 
by occasional and temporary preaching only, until Mr. 



104 

Pierpont's settlement, in 1685. With him the Colonel 
entered immediately into an open and unreserved com- 
munication ; but this was only for the short space of three 
or four of the last years of his exile. During this short 
time, however, there was the greatest intimacy between 
them, which appears to have been concealed even from 
the minister's wife ; for tradition says, that Madam Pier- 
pont, observing their remarkable intimacy, and wonder- 
ing at it, used to ask him what he saw in that old gentle- 
man, who was so fond of leading an obscure, unnoticed 
life, that they should be so intimate, and take such pleas- 
ure in being together ; for Mr. Dixwell's house being 
situated on the east corner of College and Grove-streets, 
and Mr. Pierpont's near the corner of Elm and Temple- 
streets, and their house lots being contiguous, and corner- 
ing upon one another, they had beaten a path in walking 
across their lots to meet and converse together at the 
fence. In answer to his wife's question, Mr. Pierpont 
remarked, that the old gentleman was a very learned man, 
and understood more about religion, and all other sub- 
jects, than any other person in the place, and that if she 
knew the value of him, she would not wonder at their in- 
timacy. Among other traditionary anecdotes concerning 
him, this is one : 

" Sir Edmund Andros came to America, and became 
Governor of New York in 1675, to 1684, and of Massa- 
chusetts from 1686 to 1689. In one of his tours through 
the Colony of Connecticut, about 1686, attending public 
worship at New Haven, he observed a venerable old gen- 
tleman at meeting, and, noticing him closely, discerned 
something singular in him, and suspected him. After 
meeting, he inqwired who that person was, and was told 
that he was a merchant who resided in town. Sir Ed- 
mund replied that he knew he was not a merchant, and 
became particularly inquisitive about him. Probably 
Col. Dixwell was notified of the inquisitiveness of the 
stranger concerning his person and character, for the 
Colonel was not seen at meeting in the afternoon." 

In connection with this, another tradition makes mention 
of a circumstance indicating how obnoxious Sir Edmund 
was at New Haven, as well as through New England. He 



105 

being at meeting here, and probably on the same Lord's 
day as the above, the deacon gave out the 52d Psalm to 
sing, in Sternhold and Hopkins' version, which begins 
thus : 

"Why dost thou, tyrant, boast abroad, 

Thy wicked works to praise? 
Dost thou not know there is a God, 

Whose mercies last alwaj's ? 

Why dost thy mind yet still devise 

Such wicked wiles to warp ? 
Thy tongue untrue, in forging lies, 

Is like a razor sharp. 

Thou dost delight in fraud and guile, 

In mischief, blood, and wrong ; 
Thy lips have learned the flattering stile, 

O false, deceitful tongue ! 

Governor Andros felt it as an intended insult upon him- 
self, and after meeting resented it as such, and reprehend- 
ed the deacon for it. But being told that it was the usage 
of this Church to sing the Psalms in course, he excused 
the deacon, and let the matter drop. But it is not im- 
probable, that though this might be the general custom, 
yet in this instance, a Psalm was selected for Sir Ed- 
mund s contemplation. 

Colonel Dixwell carried on no secular business, but 
employed his time in reading, and walking into the neigh- 
boring groves and woods adjacent to his house. Mr. 
Pierpont had a large library, from which, as well as from 
his own collection, he could be supplied with a variety of 
books. He often spent his evenings at Mr. Pierpont's, 
and when they were by themselves, retired to his study, 
where they indulged themselves with great familiarity 
and humor, had free and unrestrained conversation upon 
all matters, whether of religion or politics. But when in 
company, Mr, Pierpont behaved towards Colonel D. with 
caution and reserve. The Colonel spent much of his re- 
tirement in reading history, and, as a token of his friend- 
ship for Mr. Pierpont, he, in his last will, presented him 
with Raleigh's History of the World. 



106 

After a pilgrimage of twenty-nine years in exile from 
his native country, and banishment into oblivion from the 
world, of which seventeen years at least, probably more, 
were spent in New Haven, (by the name of James Da- 
vids, Esq.,) Colonel Dixwell died in this place. 

He and all the other Judges lived and died in the firm 
expectation of a revolution in England. This had actu- 
ally taken place the November before his death, but, the 
news not having arrived, he died ignorant of it, about a 
month before the seizure of Sir Edmund Andros, at Bos- 
ton. At his death, he discovered his true character to the 
people, and owned the name of John Dixwell, but re- 
quested that no monument should be erected at his grave, 
giving an account of his person, name, and character, al- 
ledging as a reason, " lest his enemies might dishonor his 
ashes," requesting that only a plain stone might be set up 
at his grave, inscribed with his initials, J. D., Esq., with 
his age, and time of his death. Accordingly, a plain 
rough stone was erected at his grave, close by the graves 
of Governor Eaton and Governor Jones, charged with 
this inscription, as at first put up and engraved by his 
friends. The following is a correct copy, both of the 
shape of the stone, as well as the inscription upon it. 



JDJEQSJSED MAMmy 

ys^^mj S^f^l^AR OF 
I Mm Jim: i68S^ 



2i feet high and broad, 5 in. thick: — red stone. 
Whilst residing in New Haven, he was twice manied, 



107 



and at his death, he left a wife and two children. His 
will was afterwards exhibited, approved, and recorded in 
the Probate office. 

President Stiles, in his History of the Judges, says : 
" So late as the last French War, 1760, some British offi- 
cers, passing through New Haven, and hearing of Dix- 
well's grave, visited it, and declared, with rancorous and 
malicious vengeance, that if the British ministry knew it, 
they would even then cause their bodies to be dug up and 
vilified. Often have we heard the crown officers aspers- 
ing and viHfying them ; and some, so late as 1775, visited 
and treated the graves with marks of indignity too inde- 
cent to be mentioned." It was especially so during 
Queen Anne's time, and even that of the Hanoverian 
family, there has been no time in which this grave has 
not been threatened by numerous sycophantic crown de- 
pendents with indignity and ministerial vengeance. 




Col. DixwelVs Monument. 

The above is a representation of the Dixwell Monu- 
ment recently erected in the rear of the Center Church, 
hy Mr. Dixwell, of Boston, in memory of his ancestor. 
The inclosure about the monument is about twelve feet 



lOS 

square ; the original grave was at its north-eastern cor*- 
ner. After a lapse of one hundred and sixty-one years, on 
the 22d of November, 1849, his remains v^eve disinterred 
and inclosed within a small box, and placed in the center 
of the inclosure, and the present monument erected over 
them. The remains were taken up by permission of the 
authorities, soon after 5 o'clock in the morning. The 
color of the earth indicated the exact size of the grave, 
and the remains were found in a much better state than 
was expected. Most of the large bones were found en- 
tire, though the smaller ones had mostly become *' resolved 
to dust." According to the measurement taken, this ex- 
iled patriot was about 5 feet 7 inches in height, and hia 
head, which was examined by an eminent surgeon pres- 
ent, indicated, according to the theory of the phrenolo- 
gists, great energy and decision of character. 

The west side of the monument has the following in- 
scription : 

" Here rest tbe remains of John Dixwell, Esq., of the Priory of 
Folkestone, in the county of Kent, England, of a family long promi- 
nent in Kent and Warwickshire, and himself possessing large es- 
tates, and much influence in his country ; he espoused the popular 
cause in the revolution of 16-10. Between 1640 and 1660, he was 
colonel in the army, an active member of four parliaments, thrice 
in the council of state, and one of the high court which tried and 
condemned King Charles the First. At the restoration of the mon- 
archy, he was compelled to leave his country ; and, after a brief 
residence in Germany, came to New Haven, and here lived in seclu- 
sion, but enjoying the esteem and friendship of its most worthy 
citizens, till his death, in 1688-9." 

The inscription on the east side. 

" John Dixwell, a zealous patriot, a sincere Christian, an honest 
man ; he was faithful to duty through good and through evil re- 
port ; and, having lost fortune, position, and home in the cause of 
his country, and of human rights, found shelter and s^'mpathy here, 
among the fathers of IS^ew England. His descendants have erected 
this monument as a tribute of respect to his memory, and as a 
grateful record of the generous protection extended to him by 
the early inhabitants of New Haven. Erected A. D. 184:9." 

On the southern side is the Dixwell coat of arms. On 
the north side is a copy of the inscription on the ancient 
monument, which was removed with the remains, and 
placed within the iron railed inclosure. 



100 

EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS PREVIOUS 
TO THE REVOLUTION. 

The first Newspaper published in New Haven was 
the Connecticut Gazette, by J. Parker & Co., in which 
Dr. Franklin was connected. The earliest number before 
us, (perhaps the oldest one in existence,) is No. 130, from 
which it would appear that it was first issued in 1755. 
At its first appearance, it was only about 14 inches wide, 
and 9^ long, containing two columns to a side. The fol- 
lowing advertisements, notices, ifec, are copied from this 
paper, and may be matter of curiosity to many, and also 
in some instances serve to illustrate historical facts. 



NEW HAVEN : 

Printed by J. Parker & Company, at the Post Office, near Captain 
Peck's at the Long Wharf, where this paper may be had at 2s. 6d. 
Lawful Money, -per Quarter, if sent by the special post; or ls» 
lOd. i/a//Pen?i?/, without Postage; the fii'st Quarter to be paid 
at Entrance. Me. Thirteen Papers go to the Quarter, none to 
stop but at the end of the Quarter. Saturday, October 1st, 1767. 



New Haven, June I6th, 1758. 

Next week will be publish'd Proposals for sending by Subscript, 
tion a Post to Albany, during the. Summer, and for paying the 
postage of all Letters to the Connecticut Soldiers in the Army. 
Toward which the Printers of this paper will advance Five Founds 
lawful money. This is mentioned now, that Gentlemen may be as 
expeditious as possible in sending in subscriptions. 



New Haven, January lid, 1761. 

His Honour the Governor, having received Dispatches, confirm- 
ing the accounts of the death of our late most Gracious Sovereign, 
King George the Second, on the 25th day of October, 1760 :— and 
other Dispatches also, for proclaiming his present Majesty. — In 
pursuance thereof, yesterday issued orders for the Militia to appear 
under arms. 

Whereupon (though many of them from considerable distances,) 
two troops of Horse, and four companies of Foot, with great dis- 
patch and alertness, were this day before noon, drawn up on the 
Great Square, before tlie Town House; on notice whereof, his 
Honour, the Governor, with the Gentleman of the Council, (on thi^ 
occasion convened) with many other Gentleman of Character an< 

10 



110 



Distinction^ were escorted by Capt. Peck's company of foot, from 
the Council Chamber to the place of Parade ; where in the audi- 
ence of a numerous Concourse (the severity of the season notwith- 
etanding) with great alacrity convened. 



His Sacred Majesty was proclaimed by reading and proclaiming 
aloud the following PROCLAMATION. 

"Whereas, it hath pleased Almighty God to call in his Mercy our 
late Sovereign Lord King George the Second, of blessed and 
glorious memory, by whose decease the Imperial Crown of Great 
Britain, France, and Ireland, as also the supreme dominion and 
sovereign right of the Colony of Connecticut in New England, and 
all other his late Majesty's dominions in America, are solely and 
rightfully come to the High and Mighty Prince George, Prince of 
Wales ; We therefore the Governor and Company, assisted with 
numbers of the principal Inhabitants of this Colony, do now, hereby 
with one full voice and consent of tongue and heart, publish and 
proclaim, that the high and mighty Prince George, Prince of Wales, 
IS now by the death of our late sovereign, of happy and glorious 
memory, become our only lawful and rightful Liege, Lord George 
the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and 
Ireland, Defender of the faith. Supreme Lord of the said Colony of 
Connecticut in New England, and all other his late Majesty's do- 
minions and Territories in America, to whom w^e do acknowledge 
all Faith and constant obedience, with all hearty and humble affec- 
tion ; beseeching God, by whom Kings and Queens do reign, to 
bless the Royal King George the Third, with long and happy years 
to reign over us. 

Given at the Council Chamber at New Haven, the Twenty-second 
day of January, in the first year of the reign of oiir Sovereign 
Lord George the Third, King of Great Britain, France and 
Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. Annoque Domini 176L 
GOD SA VE THE KING. 

Which proclamation was subscribed by His Honour the Governor, 
Deputy Governor and the Gentleman of the Council, and many other 
Gentlemen of a Civil, Military and Ecclesiastical Character, &c. 
Which was followed by three general Huzzas, and a Royal Salute of 
21 Cannon, the Governor, Deputy Governor, and Council, with num- 
bers of Clergy, and other Gentleman of Distinction, were again escorted 
to Mr. Beer's ; where an elegant entertainment was provided on the 
occasion ; and his Majesty's, the Royal Family's, the King of Prussia's, 
and other loyal healths were drank ; and the Militia, after proper re- 
freshment, seasonably discharged ; and the whole conducted and con- 
cluded with great Decency and Order, and great Demonstrations of joy. 



Ill 

To BE Sold, several likely Negro Boys and Girls : arrived from the 
coast of Africa. Samuel Willis, at Middletown. 



Whereas on last Tuesday evening, a number of persons gathered 
together near the College, and there, and round the town, fired a great 
number of guns, to the great disturbance and terror of his Majesty's 
subjects, and brake the college windows and fences, and several of them 
had gowns on, with a design to bring a scandal upon the College. 
These may certify, that I and the Tutors, several times walked among, 
and near the rioters, and could not see any scholars among them ; but 
they appeared to be principally, the people of the town with some few 
strangers. 

September 12, 1761. T. Clap. 



At a Meeting of the President and Fellows of Yale College, July 21, 

1762. 

Whereas many of the Students of this College have run greatly into 
debt wilh the Merchants, Tavern keepers, and others, for unnecessary 
things, whereby they have involved themselves with their parents in 
great difficalties. 

Voted, That no Undergraduate, Student of this College, be allowed 
to buy, sell or exchange any thing whatsoever, in New Haven, without 
the express direction of their respeclive parents or guardians of the 
scholars to appoint some discreet person in New Haven to have the 
oversight of the expences of their children : And that all the money 
they expend here pass through their hands. And the law of College 
respecting scholars debts shall be understood of such debts only as are 
contracted with the consent of their respective parents. Guardians, 
Overseers, or the Authority of College as aforesaid. 



JSl'ew Haven, March 5, 1762. 

Last Saturday afternoon, David Slusher and James Daley were 
cropt, branded with the letter B, on their foreheads, and received, 
each of them, Fifteen Stripes on their naked Bodies, pursuant to 
their sentences, for, some time since, breaking open and robbing the 
shop of Mr. Philo Mills, of Derby. 



A Likely Negro Wench and Child to be sold. — Inquire of the 
Printer. 

To be sold by the subscriber, of Branford, a likely Negro Wench, 
18 years of age, is acquainted with all sorts of House Wovk ; is 
sold for no fault June l^ 1763. 



112 



New Haven, July 4, 1^63. 



"We the subscribers, Selectmen of the town of New Haven, do 
hereby give notice to the Inhabitants of said town, that there will 
be a Vendue on the 2d Monday of August next, at the State House 
in said town, at four of the Clock in the afternoon, where those 
persons which are maintained by the Town will be set up, and 
those persons who will keep them at the cheapest rate may have 
them. Also, a number of Children will be bound out, until they 
are either 14 or 21 years of age, if any persons appear to take 
them. 

William Grenough, 

Amos Hitchcock, [ s.Uctmen. 
John Mix, 
Thomas Howell. 



A year is past since the Printer of this paper published propo- 
Bals for reviving the Connecticut Gazette. 'Tls needless to mention 
the reasons why it did not appear sooner. He returns thanks to all 
those who favored him at that time, and hopes they are yet willing to 
try how far he is able to give them satisfaction. A sample of it is now 
sent abroad, in order to collect a sufficient number of Subscribers 
barely to pay the charge of carrying it on. When such a number ap- 
pears. 

It shall be printed weekly, and delivered to subscribers in town and 
country, at the rate of two-pence for each paper, which is Eight Shil' 
lings and Eight Pence for one year. And no addition shall be made 
to the price when the Stamp Act takes effect, if it is then encouraged 
so as to be afforded at that rate. 

Subscribers are not desired to engage for any particular time, so that 
they can stop it when they please, 

A special post is appointed to carry it out of the common Post- 
Roads. 

Advertisements shall be printed at a moderate Price, according to 
their length. 

AU kinds of Provision, Fire-Wood, and other suitable Country Pro- 
duce will be taken as pay, of those who cannot spare money, if deliv- 
ered at the Printer's Dwelling House, or at any other place which may 
accidentally suit him. 

The printer hereby invites the benevolent of all parties to send him 
an account of whatever novelues they think may be useful to iheir 
Countrymen. The shortest hints on such subjects, however written 
will be gratefully received and faithfully communicated to the Public 
if convenient. 

Besides the help he hopes to receive from different Correspondents 
in this colony and elsewhere, the Printer has sent for 3 sorts of Eng- 
lish Magazines, the Monthly Review of New Books, and one of the 
best London Newspapers ; these, together with American Intelligence, 



113 

from Nova Scotia to Georgia, inclusive, and also from Canada, cannot 
fail to furnisii him witii a constant stock of momentous materials and 
fresh advices to fill this Gazette. 

Benjamin Mecom, 
At the Post Office, Neve Haven. 
July 5, 1765. 

Just Imported from Dublin in the Brig Darby. 

A parcel of Irish Servants, both Men and Women, and to be sold 

/eap, by Israel Boardman, at Stamford. 
5th January, 1764. 



TO THE GOOD PEOPLE OF CONKECTICUT. 

When I undertook the office of Distributor of Stamps for this colony, 
I meant a service to you, and really thought you would have viewed 
it in that light when you come to understand the nature of the stamp 
act and that of the office ; but since it gives you so much uneasiness, 
you may be assured, if I find (after the act takes place, which is the 
first of November) that you shall not incline to purchase or make use 
of any stampt Paper, I shall not force it upon you, nor think it worth 
my while to trouble you or myself with any exercise of my office ; but 
if, by that time, I shall find you generally in much need of stampt pa- 
per, and very anxious to obtain it, I shall hope you will be willing to 
receive it of me, (if I shall happen to have any,) at least until another 
person more agreeable to you can be appointed in my room. 

I cannot but wish you w'ould think more how to get rid of the stamp 
act than of the Officers who are to supply you with the Paper, and that 
you had learnt more of the nature of my Office, before you had under- 
taken to be so very angry at it. I am yours, &c., 

J. Ingersoll. 

New Haven, 24th August, 1765. 



New Haven, Sept. 13. 

On the 6th Inst., the civil Authority, Select Men, and a considerable 
number of the principal Gentlemen and Inhabitants of the town of 
New Haven, being occasionally met, at the Court House in said town, 
were informed that there was a report, that a considerable number of 
persons from some of the neighboring towns were expected to assemble 
in said New Haven, and to be joyned by some of the people of the 
Town, to shew their Resentment against the Gentleman appointed 
Distributor of Stamps for this colony, and that it was said that some of 
the principal men of the town would countenance the thing. Where- 
upon, the Gentlemen present unanimously declared their dislike and 
disapprobation of any such proceedings, as being of dangerous Ten- 

10* 



114 

dency, and resolved to use their endeavors to discourage and prevent 
any such riotous Assembly, and would advise the people of this tov^^n 
not to be concerned therein. They at the same time, declared that 
they v^^ere desirous that all proper and lawful measures might be taken 
to obtain a Repeal of the late stamp act, which occasions so great and 
universal uneasiness in the country ; and they thought the most likely 
way to effect it would be for the colonies to unite in a dutiful remon- 
strance to the King and Parliament for relief. And that the wisdom 
of the Honorable General Assembly (the time of whose session is near 
at hand) may safely be relied on to conduct the affair on behalf of thia 
colony. 



New Haven, September 20, 1765. 

On the 17th Inst., the Freemen of this town met here. After choos- 
ing Roger Sherman, Esq. and Mr. Samuel Bishop to represent them in 
the General Assembly to be holden next month, they unanimously de- 
sired those Representatives to use their utmost endeavours, (at the As- 
sembly now sitting at Hartford, and also at the ensuing Session here,) 
to obtain a Repeal of the stamp act. The Stamp Master General of 
this colony was at the said meeting, where these words were read 
aloud : " Likewise, voted that the Freemen present earnestly desire 
Mr. Ingersoll to resign his Stamp Office immediately." Numerous 
were the signs of consent to this vote, when a gentleman condemned it 
as needless and inconsistent after their former proceedings. The Stamp 
Officer then arose, and declared, in the strongest terms, that he would 
not resign till he discovered how the General Assembly were in that 
respect. 'Tis said he is gone to Hartford to make that important dis- 
covery ; and he has wrote to New York, requesting that the Stamp Pa- 
per may be detained there till it is wanted here. 



The following is the principal part of Mr. J. IngersoU's account of hia 
resignation of the office of Stamp Master, on his way to Hartford 
from New Haven, as given in the Connecticut Gazette of September 
27th, 1765. 

* * * " On Thursday, the 9th inst., I set off alone 

about seven o'clock, for Hartford, but just as I was- mounting, Mr. Bish- 
op said he would go along and see what would happen, and accordingly 
overtook me, as I did Major Hall, a member of the Assembly, upon the 
road ; and so we went on together until we come within about two or 
three miles of Wethersfield, when we met an advanced party of about 
four or five persons. I told them who I was, upon which they turned, 
and I fell into conversation with them, upon the subject of my office, &c. 
About half a mile further, we met another pa -ty of about thirty, whom I 
accosted, and who turned and went on in the time manner. We rid a 
little further, and met with the main body, who, I judge, were about five 



115 

hundred men, all on horse-back, and having white staves. They were 
preceded by three trumpets ; next followed two persons dressed in red, 
with laced hats ; then the rest, two abreast ; some others, I think, were 
in red, being, I suppose. Militia officers. They opened and received me ; 
then all went forward until we came into the main street in the town of 
Wethersfield, when one riding up to the person with whom I was joined, 
and who I took to be a principal leader or commandant, said to him. 
We can't all hear and see so well in a house, we had as good have the 
business done here ; upon this they formed into a circle, having me in 
the middle, with some two or three more, who seemed to be principal 
managers, Major Hall and Mr. Bishop also keeping near me. I began 
to speak to the audience, but stopt, and said I did not know why I should 
say anything, for that I was not certain I knew what they wanted of 
me ; they said they wanted me to resign my office of Stamp Distributor. 
I then went on to tell them that I had always declared that I would not 
exercise the office against the general inclinations of the people. That 
I had given to the Grovernor, to be communicated to the Assembly, my 
declarations upon that head ; and that I had given orders to have the 
stamp papers stopt at New York, from whence it should not come until 
I should be able to learn from the Assembly that it was their choice and 
inclination to have it come, as I did not think it safe to have it come 
without their consent. That I was under bonds to the Stamp Office in 
England, and did not think it safe or proper for me to resign the office 
to every one that should ask it of me ; and that I only waited to have 
the sense of the government, whether to conform to the act or not, in 
order to my getting dismissed from the office in a proper manner. And 
as it has been said that the Assembly would not say anything about the 
matter, I had now put it upon this fair footing, that if they did not by 
some act relative to the affiiir show their minds and inclination to have 
the stampt paper brought into the colony, I should not think it safe, as 
times were, to suffer the same to come in, nor take any steps in my of- 
fice ; also observed to 'em, that the Governor would have power and in- 
structions to put in another if I should be removed ; that the step could 
do them no good, &c. They said. Here is the sense of the government, 
and no man shall exercise that office. I askt if they thought it was 
fair that the counties of Windham and New London should dictate to 
all the rest of the colony] Upon this, one said. It don't signify to par- 
ly — here is a great many people waiting, and you must resign. I said, 
I don't think it proper to resign till I meet a proper authority to ask it of 
me ; and added, What if I don't resign ? What will be the conse- 
quence? One said. Your Fate. Upon which I looked him full in the 
face, and said, with some warmth, iWy jFa^e, you say ? Upon which 
a person just behind me said. The fate of your office. I answered that 
I could die, and perhaps as well now as another time ; and that I 
should die but once. Upon which the commandant, (for so, for brevity 
sake, I beg leave to call the person who seemed to have the principal 
conduct of the affair,) said. We had better go along to a tavern, (and 
which we did,) ahd cautioned me not to irritate the people. When we 
came against the house, and the people began to alight, I said. You 
can soon tell what you intend to do — my business is at Hartford — may 



116 

I go there, or home ? and made a motion to go. They said No, you 
shan't go two rods from this gpot before you have resigned ; and took 
hold of my horse's bridle ; when, after some little time, I dismounted, 
and went into the house with the persons who were called the Com- 
mittee, being a certain number of the main body continuing without 
doors. And here I ought to mention that I was told repeatedly that 
they had no intentions of hurting me or my estate ; but would use 
me like a gentleman ; this, however, I conclude they will understand 
was on condition that I should comply with their demands. 

" When I came into the house with this select committee, a great 
deal of conversation passed upon the subject, and upon some other mat- 
ters, as my being supposed to be in England when the first leading vote 
of Parliament passed relative to the Stamp Act, and my not advising 
the Governor of it ; whereas, I was ai that time in America — and the 
like, too tedious to relate. Upon the whole, this committee behaved 
with moderation and civility, and, I thought, seemed inclined to listen 
to certain proposals which I made ; but when the body of the people 
come to hear them, they rejected 'em, and nothing would do but I must 
resign. 

•'While I was detained here, I saw several members of the Assembly 
pass by, whom I hailed, acquainting them that I was there kept and 
detained as a prisoner ; and desired their and the Assembly's relief; 
they stopt and spoke to the people ; but were told they had better go 
along to the Assembly, where they might possibly be wanted. Major 
Hall, also, finding his presence not ahogethour agreeable, went away ; 
and Mr. Bishop, by my desire, went away to let the Governor and As- 
sembly know the situation I was in. 

After much time spent in fruitless proposals, I was told the people 
grew very impatient, and that I must bring the matter to a conclusion ; 
I then told thtm I had no more to say, and askt what would they do 
with me 1 They said they would carry me to Windham a prisoner, 
but would keep me like a gentleman. I told them I would go to Wind- 
ham, that 1 had lived very well there, and should like to go ai.d live 
there again. This did not do. They then advised me to move from 
the front window, as the sight of me seemed to enrage the people. 
Sometimes the people from below would rush into the room in great 
numbers and look pretty fierce at me, and then the committee would 
desire them to withdraw. 

To conclude. — After about three hours spent in this kind of way, and 
they telling me that certain of their gentlemen, members of the general 
assembly, had told them that they must get the matter over before the 
assembly had time to do any thing about it; and that it was my artifice 
to wheedle the matter along until the assembly should, some how or 
other, get ensnared in the matter, &c. the Commandant coming up 
from below, with numbers following close behind in the passage, told 
me with seeming concern in his countenance, that he could not keep 
the people off from me any longer ; and if they once begun, he could 
not promise me when they would end. I now thought it was time to 
Bubmit. I told him I did not thiiik the cause worth dying for, and I 
would do whatever they should desire me to do. — Upon this I looked 



117 

out of a front window, beckoned to the people, and told them T had 
consented to comply with their desires ; and only waited to have some- 
thing drawn up for me to sign. We then went to work to prepare the 
draught. I attempted to make one myself; but they not liking it said 
they would draw one themselves, which they did, and I signed it. 
They then told me that the people insisted on my being sworn never 
to execute the office. This I refused to do somewhat peremptorily, 
urging that I thought it would be a prophanation of an oath. The 
committee seemed to think it might be dispensed with ; but said the 
people would not excuse it. One of the committee, however, said he 
would go down and try to persuade them off from it, I saw him from 
the window amidst the circle, and observing that the people seemed 
more and more fixt in their resolution of insisting upon it, I got up and 
told the people in the room, I would go and throw myself among them, 
and went down, they following me. When I came to the circle, they 
opened and let me in, when I mounted a chair which stood there by a 
table, and having beckoned silence, I proceeded to read off the declara- 
tion which I had signed ; and then proceeded to tell them, that I be- 
lieved I was as averse to the Stamp Act as any of them ; that I had 
accepted my appointment to this office, I thought upon the fairest mo- 
tives ; finding, however, how very obnoxious it was to the people, I had 
found myself in a very disagreeable situation ever since my coming 
home ; that I found myself, at the same time, under such obligations 
that I did not think myself at liberty peremptorily to resign my office 
without the leave of those who had appointed me ; that I was very 
sorry to see the country in the situation it was in ; that I could never- 
theless in some measure excuse the people, as I believed they were 
actuated, by a zeal, though I feared, a misguided zeal for the good of 
their country ; and that I wished the transactions of that day might 
prove happy to the colony, though, I much feared the contrary ; — and 
much more to the same purpose. 

When I had done, a person who stood near me, told me to give 
Liberty and Property, with three Cheers, which I did. throwing up my 
Hat into the air ; this was followed by loud Huzzas ; and then the 
people many of them, even pleased to take me by the hand and tell me 
I was restored to their former friendship. I then went with two or 
three more to a neighboring house, where we dined. I was then told 
the company expected to v/ait on me into Hartford, where they ex- 
pected I should publish my declaration again. I reminded them of 
what they had before it might possibly ensnare the Assembly for them 
to have an opportunity to act, or do any thing about this matter ; some 
inclined to forego tliis step, but the main body insisted on it. We 
accordingly mounted I believe by this time, to the number of near one 
thousand, and rode into Hartford, the Assembly then sitting. They 
dismounted opposite the Assembly house, and about twenty yards from 
it. Some of them conducted me into an adjoining Tavern, while the 
main body drew up four abreast and marched in form round the Court 
House, preceded by three trumpets sounding ; then formed into a semi- 
circle at the door of the Tavern. I was then directed to go down to 
the door and read the paper I had signed, and which I did within 



118 

the hearing and presence of the assembly ; and only added, that I 
wished the consequences of this day's transaction might be happy. 
This was succeeded with Liberty and Property, and three cheers ; 
soon after which the people began to draw off and I suppose went 
home. I understood they came out with eight days provision, de- 
termined to find me if in the colony." ****** 

COPY OF THE ABOVE MENTIONED RESIGNATION. 

Wcthersficld, Sept. I9th, 1765. 

I do hereby promise, that I will never receive any Stampt-Papers, 
which may arrive from Europe, in consequence of any act lately passed 
in the Parliament of Great Britain, nor officiate in any manner as 
Stamp Master, or Distributor of Stamps within the Colony of Connecti- 
cut, either directly or indirectly, and I do hereby request all the Inhab- 
itants of this his majesty's Colony of Connecticut, (notwithstanding the 
said Office or Trust has been committed to me,) not to apply to me, 
ever hereafter, for any such stamped Papers, hereby declaring, that I do 
resign said office, and execute these Presents of my own free will and 
accord, without any Equivocation or mental Reservation. 
In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand, 

J, IxGERSOLL. 

[The Hon. Jabed Ingersoll, whose name appears above, was born in Milford 
in 1722. He was a lawyer of the first respectability ; and in 1757, was sent by the 
Legislature of the State as their Agent at the Court of Great Britain. In 1764, 
when in England, he was persuaded to take the office of Stamp Master. Hia 
acceptance of this office, says Dr. Dwight, " was unwise, but not accompanied 
with any ill design on his part against his country."] 



New Haven, November 1st, 1765. 

This Morning three Bells in this town which are near neighbors, 
began to toll here ; and still continue tolling and saluting each 
other at suitable Intervals. They seem to speak the word No — 
vem — ber, in the most melancholy tone imaginable. 



BENEDICT ARNOLD 

Wants to buy a number of large genteel fat Horses, Pork, Oats 
and Hay. — And has to sell choice Cotton and Salt, by quantity or 
retail ; and other Goods as usual. 

New Haven, January 24, 1766. 

Mr. Printer: Sir — As I was a party concerned in whipping the 
Informer, the other day, and unluckily out of town when the Court 
set, and finding the affair misrepresented much to my disadvantage 
and many animadversions thereon, especially in one of your last by 
a very fair candid gentleman indeed, as he pretends ; after he had 
insinuated all that malice could do, adds, that he will say nothing 



119 

to prejudice the minds of the people. — He is clearly seen through 
the Grass, but the weather is too cold for him to bite. — To satisfy 
the public, and in justice to myself and those concerned, I beg you'd 
insert in your next, the following detail of the affair. 

The Informer having been a voyage with me, in which he was 
used with the greatest humanity, on our return was paid his wages 
to his full satisfaction ; and informed me of his intention to leave 
the town that day, wished me well, and depai'ted the town as I 
imagined.— But he two days afier endeavored to make information 
to a Custom House Officer ; but it being holy time was desired to 
call on Monday, early on which day I heard of his intention, and 
gave him a little Chastisement ; on which he left the town ; and on 
Wednesday returned to Mr. Beecher's, where I saw the fellow, who 
agreed to and signed the following aclfnowledgment and Oath. 

I, Peter Boole, not having the fear of God before my Eyes, but 
being instigated by the Devil, did, on the 24th instant, make infor- 
mation, or endeavour to do the same, to one of the Custom House 
Officers for the Port of New Haven, against Benedict Arnold for im- 
porting contraband goods, do hereby acknowledge I justly deserve 
a Halter for my malicious, wicked and cruel intentions. 

I do now solemnly swear I will never hereafter make informa- 
tion, directly or indirectly, or cause the same to be done against 
any person or persons, whatever, for importing Contraband or any 
other goods into this Colony, or any Port of America ; and that I 
will immediately leave New Haven and never enter the same 
again. So help me God. 

New Haven, 22th January, 1766. 

This was done precisely at Y o'clock, on which I engaged not to 
inform the sailors of his being in town, provided he would leave it 
immediately according to our agreement. Near four hours after I 
heard a noise in the street and a person informed me the sailors 
were at Mr. Beecher's. On enquiry, I found the fellow had not 
left the town. I then made one of the party and took him to the 
Whipping-Post, where he received near forty lashes with a small 
cord, and was conducted out of town ; since which, on his return, 
the affair was submitted to Col. David Wooster and Mr. Enos Allen, 
(Gentlemen of reputed good judgment and understanding) who 
were of opinion that the fellow was not whipped too much, and 
gave him 50«. damages only. 

Query. — Is it good policy ; or would so great a number of People, 
in any trading town on the Continent, (New Haven excepted,) vin- 
dicate, protect and caress an informer — 'a character particularly at 
this alarming time so justly odious to the Public? Every such in- 
formation tends to suppress our trade, so advantageous to the Col- 
ony, and to almost every individual both here and in Great Britain, 
and which is nearly ruined by the late detestable stamp and other 
oppressive acts—acts which we have so severely felt, and so loudly 
complained of, and so earnestly remonstrated against, that one 



120 

would imagine ever}'^ sensible man would strive to encourage trade 
and discountenance such useless, sucb infamous Informers. 
I am, Sir, Your humble servant, 

Benedict Arnold. 



New Haven, May 23, 1166. 

" Last Monday morning early, an Express arrived here with the 
charming news ; soon after wliicb many of tlie Inhabitants were 
awakened witli the noise of small- arms from different quarters of 
the town ; all the Bells were rung; and cannon roared the glad 
tidings. In tlie afternoon the Clergy publickly returned thanks 
for the blessing, and a company of Militia were collected under the 
principal direction of Colonel Wooster. In the evening were Illu- 
mination, Bonfire and Dances— -all without any remarkable inde- 
cency or disordei\ The arrival of the regular Post from Boston 
last night, has completed our joy for the wise and interesting re- 
peal oif the stamp act. — Business will eoon be transacted as usual in 
this loyal Colony. — In short, every thing in nature seeraa to wear a 
more cheerful aspect than usual — to a great majority," 



The news of the battle of Lexington arrived at New- 
Haven on Friday, about noon, and Captain Benedict Ar- 
nold,* afterwards General Arnold, who was at the time 
commander of the Governor's Guard, immediately called 
out his company, and pro230sed their starting for Lexing- 
ton, to join the American army : about forty of them 
consented to accompany their commander. Being in 
want of ammunition, Arnold requested the town authori- 
ties to furnish the company, which they refused to do. 
The next day, immediately before they started, Arnold 
marched his company to the house where the select men 
were sitting, and after forming them in front of the build- 
ing, sent in word that if the keys of the powder-house 
were not delivered up to him in five minutes, he would 
order the company to break it open, and furnish them- 
selves. This threat had the desired effect, and the keys 
were delivered up. They stopped at Wethersfield the 
second night, where the inhabitants vied with each other 
in their attentions to them. They took the middle road 

* Arnold lived in Water-street, near the Ship-Yard. His house 
is still standing. 



121 

througli Pomfiet, at which place they were joined by 
General Putnam. On the Guards' arrival at Cambridge, 
they took up their quarters at a splendid mansion owned 
by Lieutenant-Governor Oliver, who was obliged to flee 
on account of his attachment to the British cause. This 
company was the only one on the ground that was com- 
plete in their uniform and equipments, and, owing to 
their soldier-like appearance, were appointed to deliver 
the body of a British officer, who had been taken prisoner 
by the Americans, and had died in consequence of wounds 
received at the battle of Lexington. Upon this occasion, 
one of the British officers appointed to receive the body 
from the Guards expressed his surprise at seeing an 
American company appear so well in every respect, ob- 
serving that in their military movements and equipments, 
" they were not excelled by any of his Majesty's troops." 
Whilst at Cam-bridge, Arnold was sent by General 
Washington with 1,000 men, with orders to penetrate 
into Canada; which, after encountering immense obstacles, 
was finally accomplished. About a dozen of the Guards 
accompanied him in this expedition. The remainder, 
after remaining nearly three weeks at Cambridge, re- 
turtied to New Haven. 

INVASION OF NEW HAVEN. 

During the Revolutionary war, while the enemy held 
possession of New York, the towns on the sea-board 
were continually liable to their incursions. In the cam- 
paign of 1779, the British seemed to have aimed at little 
more than to plunder, distress and consume. The attack 
on this town took place on Monday, July 5th, 1779, the 
day on which the citizens were to assemble for the pur- 
pose of commemorating the Declaration of Independence. 
The following account of this event is taken from the 
Connecticut Journal, published in New Haven, July 7th, 
1779: 

New Haven, July 1th. 

About two o'clock on the morning of the 5th instant, a 
fleet consisting of the Camilla and Scorpion men-of-war, 
with tenders, transports, &c., to the number of 48, com- 

11 



122 - 

manded by Commodore Sir George Collier, anchored off 
West Haven. They had on board about 3,000 land 
forces, commanded by Major-General Tryon ; about 1,500 
of whom, under Brigadier-General Garth, landed about 
sun-rise on West Haven point. The town being alarmed, 
all the preparation which the confusion and distress of 
the inhabitants, and a necessary care of their families, 
would permit, was made for resistance. The West 
Bridge, on Milford road, was taken up ; several field 
pieces were carried thither, and some slight works thrown 
up for the defense of that pass. The division under 
General Garth being landed, immediately began their 
march towards the town. The first opposition was made 
by about 25 of the inhabitants to an advance party of the 
enemy, of two companies of light infantry. These, though 
advancing^ on the heio-ht of Milford hill, were attacked 
with great spirit by the handful of our people, driven 
back almost to West Haven, and one of them was taken 
prisoner. The enemy then advanced in their main body, 
with strong flanking parties, and two field pieces ; and 
finding a smart fire kept up from our field pieces at the 
bridge aforesaid, chose not to force an entrance to the 
town by that, the usual road, but to make a circuitous 
march of nine miles, in order to enter by the Derby road. 
In this march our small party on Milford hill, now in- 
creased to perhaps 150, promiscuously collected from 
several companies of the militia, had a small encounter 
with the enemy's left flank near the Milford road, in 
which was killed their adjutant, Campbell, the loss of 
whom they lamented with much apparent sensibility. 
Our people on the hill, being obliged by superior num- 
bers to give way, kept up a continual fire on the enemy, 
and galled them much, through all their march to Thom- 
son's Bridge, on Derby road. In the meantime, those 
who were posted at the West Bridge, perceiving the 
movements of the enemy, and also that another large body 
of them had landed at the South End, on the east side of 
the harbor, quitted the bridge, and marched thence to 
oppose the enemy at Thomson's Bridge. But by the 
time they had reached the banks of the river, the enemy 
were in possession of the bridge, and the places at which 



123 

the river is here fordable ; yet having received a small 
accession of strength by the coming in of the militia, they 
gave the enemy a smart fire from two field pieces and 
small arms, which continued with little abatement, till the 
enemy were in possession of the town. Our people being 
obliged to retreat, either to the fields north and west of 
the town, or through the town across the Neck Bridge, 
the enemy entered the town between 12 and 1 o'clock. 
In the meantime, the divisions of the enemy, before men- 
tioned to have landed at South End, which was under the 
immediate command of General Tryon, was bravely re- 
sisted by a small party of men with one field piece, who, 
besides other execution, killed an oflficer of the enemy, in 
one of their boats at their landing. This division marched 
up by land, and attacked the fort at Black Rock ; at the 
same time, their shipping drew up and attacked it from 
the harbor. The fort had only 19 men and 3 pieces of 
artillery, yet was defended as long as reason or valor 
dictated, and then the men made good their retreat. 

The town being now in full possession of the enemy, 
it was, notwithstanding .the subjoined proclamation, de- 
livered up, except a few instances of protection, to pro- 
miscuous plunder ; in which, besides robbing the inhabi- 
tants of their watches, money, plate, buckles, clothing, 
bedding and provisions, they broke and destroyed their 
househole furniture to a very great amount. Some fami- 
lies lost every thing their houses contained ; many have 
now neither food nor clothes to shift. 

A body of militia sufficient to penetrate the town could 
not be collected that evening : we were obliged, there- 
fore, to content ourselves with giving the enemy every 
annoyance in our power, which was done with great spirit 
for most of the afternoon at and about the Ditch Corner, 

Early on Tuesday morning, the enemy unexpectedly, 
and with the utmost stillness and dispatch, called in their 
guards and retreated to their boats, carrying with them 
a number of the inhabitants captive, most, if not all, of 
whom were taken without arms, and a few who chose to 
accompany them. Part of them went on board their 
fleet, and part crossed over to General Tryon at East 
Haven. On Tuesdav afternoon the militia collected in 



124 

such numbers, and crowded so close upon Gen. Tryon, 
that he thought best to retreat on board his fleet, and set 
sail to the westward. 

The loss of the enemy is unknown ; but for many rea- 
sons it is supposed to be considerable, and includes some 
officers whom they lament, besides Adjutant Campbell. 
Ours, by the best information we can obtain, is 27 killed, 
and 19 wounded. As many of our dead, upon examina- 
tion, appeared to have been wounded with shot, but not 
mortally, and afterwards to have been killed with bayo- 
nets, this demonstrated the true reason why the number 
of the dead exceeded that of the wounded, to be, that 
being wounded, and falling into the enemy's hands, they 
were afterwards killed. A further confirmation of this 
charge is, that we have full and direct testimony, which 
affirms that General Garth declared to one of our militia 
who was wounded and taken, that " he v\"as sorry his 
men had not killed him, instead of taking him, and that 
he would not have his men give quarter to one militia 
man taken in arms." 

Although in this expedition it must be confessed, to the 
credit of the Britons, that they have not done all the mis- 
chief in their power, yet the brutal ravishment of women ; 
the wanton and malicious destruction of property ; the 
burning of the stores upon the wharf, and eight houses in 
East Haven ; the beating, stabbing and insulting of the 
Rev. Dr. Daggett after he was made a prisoner ; the 
mortally wounding of Mr. Beers, senior, in his own door, 
and otherways abusing him ; the murdering the very 
aged and helpless Mr. English in his own house ; and the 
beating, and finally cutting out the tongue of, and then 
killing, a distracted man, are sufficient proofs that they 
were really Britons. 

They were conducted to the town- by Wm. Chandler, 
son of Joshua Chandler, late of this town, who with his 
family went off with the enemy in their retreat. 

The enemy carried off between thirty and forty of the 
inhabitants of the town, among whom was John Whiting, 
Esq., Judge of Probate, and Clerk of the County Court, 



125 

Names of the persons killed and wounded by the British 
Troops at New Haven, July 5th and 6th, 1779. 

Killed. — John Hotchkiss, Caleb Hotchkiss, jun., Eze- 
kiel Flotchkiss, Capt. John Gilbert, Michael Gilbert, John 
Kennedy, Joseph Dorman, Asa Todd, Samuel Woodin, 
Silas Woodin, Benjamin English, Isaac Pardis, Jeduthan 
Thomson, Aaron Russell, a lad, Jacob Thorp, and Pomp, 
a negro, all of New Haven ; Eldad Parker, Wallingford ; 

Bradley, Derby; Timothy Ludlenton, Guilford; 

John Baldwin, Gideon Goodrich, Branford, and one per- 
son whose name is unknown. 

Wounded. — Rev. Dr. Daggett, Nathan Beers (since 
dead of his wounds,) David Austin, jun., Elizur Good- 
rich, jun., Joseph Bassett, Capt. Caleb Mix, Thomas Mix, 
Israel Woodin ; and taken — John Austin, Abraham Pinto, 
Nathan Dummer, Jeremiah Austin, Edmund Smith, and 
Elisha Tuttle, (since dead of his wounds, whose tongue 

was cut out by the enemy,) all of New Haven ; 

Atwater and a Negro, of VVallingford ; and Benjamin 
Howd, of Branford. 

The following is the Proclamation alluded to in the fore- 
going account. 

By Commodore Sir George Collier, Commander-in-chief 
of his majesty's ships and vessels in North America, 
and Major General William Tryon, commanding his 
majesty's land forces on a separate expedition. 

ADDRESS TO THE INHABITANTS OF COXXECTICUT. 

The ungenerous and wanton insurrection against the sovereignty of 
Great Britain, into which this colony has been deluded by the artifices 
of designing men, for private purposes, might well justify in you every 
fear which conscious guilt could form, respecting the intentions of the 
present armament. 

Your towns, your property, yourselves, lie within the grasp of the 
power whose forbearance you have ungenerously construed into fear ; 
but whose lenity has persisted in its mild and noble efforts, even though 
branded with the most unworthy imputation. 

The existence of a single habitation on your defenceless coast ought 
to be a subject of constant reproof to your ingratitude. Can the 
strength of your whole province cope with the force which might at any 

11* 



150 

time be poured through every district in your country ? You are con- 
scious it cannot. Why then will you persist in a ruinous and ill juJgt'd 
resistance • We hoped that you would recover from the phren/y whioli 
has distracted this unhappy country ; and we beheve the day to be near 
come when the greater part of this continent will begin to blush at iheir 
dehision. You who he so much in ourpower, atl'ord that most striking 
monument of our mercy, and therefore ouglit to set the tirst example 
of returning to allegiance. 

Retleot on what gratitude requires of you ; if that is insutficient to 
move you, attend to your own interest; we otler you a refuge ag;iin.-t 
the distress wliicli, you universally acknowledge, broods, with increas- 
ing and intolerable weight over all your country. 

Leaving you to consult with each other upon this invitation, we do 
now declare, that whosoever shall be found, and remain in peace, at 
his usual place of residence, shall be shielded from any insult, either to 
his person or his property, excepting such as bear oHices. either civil 
or military, under your present usurped government, of whom it will 
be further required, that they shall give proots of their penitence and 
voluntary submission ; and they Jiall then partake of the like im- 
munity. 

Those whose folly and obstinacy may slight this favorable warning, 
must take notice, that they are not to expect a continuance of tliat leni- 
ty which their inveteracy would now render blameable. 

Given on board his niajesty's ship Camilla, on the Sound, .luly 4, 
1779. Geokge Collier, 

Wm. Tryon. 



The following is from the London Gazette of Oct 6, 
1779. 

Whitehaix, Oct. 6. 1779. 

Coj)}/ of a letter from Maj. Gen. Trt/on to Geti. Sir Henry 
Clinton^ dated. New Yorl-,Ji(hi 20, 1779. 

Having, on the 3d instant, joined the troops assembled on board the 
transports at Whitestone, Sir George Collier got the fleet under way 
the same evening ; but, the winds being light, we did not reach the 
harbor oi Xew Haven until the 5th, in the morning. 

The first division, consisting of the l1ank companies of the Guards, 
the Fuziliers, 54th regiment, and a detachment of the Yagers, with 4 
field pieces, under the command of Brig. Gen. Garth, landed about 5 
o'clock, (A. M.,) a mile south of West Uaveu, and began their march, 
making a circuit of upwards of seven miles, to head a creek on the 
west side of the town. 

The second division could not move till the return of the boats, but 
before noon I disembarked with the 23d, the Hessian, Landgrave, 
King's American Regiments, and Q pieces of cannon, on the eastern 



1S7 

Bide of the harbor, and instantly began the march of three miles, to the 
ferry from New Haven, east, towards Branford. 

We took a field piece, wliirh annoyed us on our landing, and pos- 
sessed ourselves of the Rock Battery, of three guns, commanding the 
channel of the harbor, abandoned by the rebels on our approach. The 
armed vessels then entered, and drew near the town. 

Gen. Garth got into the town, but not without opposition, Io?s, and 
fatigue, and reported to me at half-past one, that he should begin the 
conflagration, which he thought it merited, as soon as he had secured 
the bridge between us, over Neck Creek. 

The collection of the enemy in force, on advantageous ground, and 
with heavier cannon than his own, diverted the General from that pas- 
sage, and the boats that were to take off the troops being not up, I went 
over to him, and the result of our conference was a resolution, that, 
with the first division, he should cover the north part of the town that 
night, while, with the second, I should keep the heights above the Rock 
Fort. In the morning, the first division embarked, at the south-east 
part of the town, and crossing the ferry, joined us on East Haven side, 
excepting the 54ih, which were sent on board their transports. 

In the progress of the preceding day, from West Haven, they were 
under a continual fire ; but by the judicious conduct of the General, 
and the alertness of the troops, the rebels were every where repulsed. 
The next morning, as there was not a shot fired to molest the retreat. 
Gen. Garth changed his design, and destroyed only the public stores, 
some vessels, and ordnance, excepting six field pieces, and an armed 
privateer, which were brought off. 

The troops re-embarkeid at Rock Fort, [now Ft. Hale,] in the after- 
noon, with liiile molestation ; and the fleet leaving* the harbor that 
evening, anchored the morning of the 8th off" the village of Fairfield. 
******** The general eflfect of the 
printed address from Sir George Collier and myself, to the inhabitants, 
recommended by your Excellency, cannot lie discovered till there are 
some further operations and descents upon their coasts. Many copies 
of it were left behind at New Haven, and at Fairfield. « # * 

I have the honor herewith to transmit to your Excellency a general 
return of the killed, wounded, and missing, on this expedition. 

At New Haven, July 5. 

Guards, 1 officer, one rank and file, killed ; 1 officer, 1 sergeant, 9 
r:<nk and file wounded ; 14 rank and file missing. 

7th, or Royal Fuziliers, 1 sergeant, 7 rank and file wounded ; 2 rank 
and file missing. 

23d, or Royal Welch Fuziliers, 1 drummer,! rank and file wounderJ. 

54th Regiment of Foot, 1 sergeant, 5 rank and file killed ; 2 offi- 
cers, 1 drummer, 5 rank and file wounded ; 1 sergeant, 7 rank and file 
missing. 

Landgrave regiment, 2 rank and file wounded. 

Detachment of Yagers, 1 rank and file wounded; 1 rank and 
file missincr. 



128 

King's American Regiment, 1 officer killed ; 1 sergeant, 6 rank and 
file wounded. 

Royal Artillery, 1 driver wounded. 

Names of the Officers Killed and Wounded. 

Guards, Adjutant Campbell, killed ; Captain Parker wounded. 
54th Regiment of Foot, Captain Bickop, Lieut. Powell wounded. 
King's American Regiment, Ensign and Adjutant Watkins, killed. 

Wm. Tryon, M. G. 

Thefollotving additional farticidars^ relative to the inva- 
sion of New Haven by the British troops, toas received 
from persons who were residents of the town at the time. 

When information of the enemy's landing at West Ha- 
ven reached the town, and as iheir forces approached the 
place, persons of every age and sex were seen fleeing in 
all directions. A number of the inhabitants took refuge 
on the East Rock, where they remained until the enemy 
left New Haven. Many, however, chose to remain, hop- 
ing that, by staying quietly in their habitations, they 
should be secure from the molestations of the enemy ; 
but a large number of the more patriotic inhabitants, 
made instant preparations to harass the British as much 
as possible. Capt. James Hillhouse, with a small band 
of brave young men, some of whom were students of 
Yale College, advanced very near the royal troops, while 
on parade ground near the West Haven Church ; and 
when they commenced their March, fired on the advanced 
guards, and drove them back to the main body; but, ow- 
ing to superior numbers, this little band was soon forced 
to retreat. The Rev. Dr. Daggett, at this time President 
of Yale College, was a warm friend to the American 
cause ; armed with a musket, he joined his fellow. citizens, 
and went out to oppose the enemy ; he was wounded and 
taken prisoner near the West Bridge. Dr. Daggett 
would, in all probability, have been murdered by the 
British, but for the interference of Chandler, their guide, 
who was formerly his pupil at the College. Whilst in 
their hands, the President was asked whether, if released, 
lie would again take up arms against them 1 to which he 
answered : " I rather believe 1 shall, if I get an oppor- 
tunity." 



129 

The British entered New Haven on the old Derby 
road, through Hotchkisstou-n, [now Westville ] A small 
body of men under Capt. Phineas Bradley, with two small 
cannon, made a stand to oppose their entrance on the 
top of the hill, the east side of the Bridge, (formerly 
called Thompson's Bridge,) but, their ammunition fail- 
ing, they were obliged to retreat. The embankments 
thrown up on this occasion were quite recently visible. 
The enemy then continued their course towards New Ha- 
ven, and when at the west end of Chapel-street, placed 
a large loaded field piece, and fired it off" down the street. 
Our informant, Mr. Amos Doolittle, who was one of the 
party who resisted the enemy at Hotchkisstown, states, 
that when obliged to leave there, his wife being sick, he 
returned to his house, which was near the College, and, 
after throwing his gun and equipments under the bed, 
awaited the coming of the enemy with anxiety. As soon 
as they arrived front of his house, an English lady, who 
resided with him, stepped to the door, and addressing one 
of the officers, requested a guard for the house. The of- 
ficer asked her, with an oath, who she was ; she informed 
him that she was an English woman, and then had a son 
in his majesty's service ; upon which the officer, address- 
ing a Highlander, ordered him to guard the house, and 
not to allow the least injury to be done to its inmates. It 
was owing to the address of this lady that Mr. D. was 
not carried to New York by the enemy ; for some of the 
soldiers, entering the house by the back door, and dis- 
covering the gun under the bed, inquired the purpose of 
it. The lady, with great presence of mind, answered, 
that the law obliged every man to have a gun in his house, 
adding, that the owner of it was as great a friend to King 
George as themselves. A store near his house, having 
been broken open by the soldiers, one of them advised 
Mr. D. to go and provide himself with whatever he 
wanted, adding, that he was perfectly welcome ; but, not 
wishing to take advantage of his neighbor's distress, the 
offer was, of course, declined. 

It is mentioned in the preceding account, that among 
the killed and wounded were Mr. Beers and Capt. Gil- 
bert. The circumstances of their death are as follows • 



130 

As the British entered the town, Capt. Parker, a Brit- 
ish officer, overtaking Capt. Gilbert, ordered him to sur- 
render ; upon which Capt. Gilbert, turning round, shot 
the officer, and badly wounded him. He was immediate- 
ly pursued, and, in his endeavors to escape, passed the 
house of Mr. Beers, who then lived near the corner of 
York and Chapel-street. This gentleman, attracted by 
the noise near his house, went to his front door to dis- 
cover the cause, when, in the hurry of the moment, he 
was shot by one of the British soldiers. Capt. Gilbert, 
being wounded in the leg whilst endeavoring to escape, 
was soon overtaken by the enemy, and immediately dis- 
patched with their bayonets. 

After the royal troops left the town, thousands of coun- 
try people and militia flocked in without any order. 
Soon after they entered, a report having been circulated 
that the British army was surrounding the place, they 
fled for the country, and their progress could be traced 
for miles by the immense clouds of dust which arose in 
all directions. It is said that some of the country people 
were base enough to take advantage of the general con- 
fusion, and carried off* goods to a large amount. 



ADJUTANT CAMPBELL. 

The cut shows the appearance of a small monumen- 
tal stone erected by one of the authors of this work, in 
1831, inscribed, " Campbell, 1779," to designate the spot 
where Adjutant Campbell was buried. This place, near 
the summit of Milford hill, is about two miles from the 
State House in New Haven, about 120 paces north of 
the Milford road, in the south-west corner of the second 
field from the street, still called the " Camphell Lot.** 
The monument is a small, rough stone, and is not readily 
distinguished, being only about a fjot and a half high. 
The field next westward of the Campbell lot is covered 
with forest trees. Passing about ten steps eastward from 
the grave, to the summit of the hill, the observer has a 
beautiful prospect of New Haven. 



i3i 




CampheWs Grave. 

Adjutant Campbell was killed about one and a half 
miles from West Haven Green, near the summit of the 
hill south from the Milford road. He was evidently the 
idol of the army, and, being tall and elegant in person 
and dress, was a conspicuous object to an enemy. Being" 
with the advance guard, he was singled out by a militia- 
man concealed behind a rock. He fell, pierced by a mus- 
ket-ball, and was carried to a small house, formerly stand- 
ing in the vicinity, on the south side of the Milford road. 
He was laid upon abed in the humble dwelling, and was 
attended by his servant till he expired. The servant then 
fled. His bloody remains being found on the bed, they 
were wrapped in a blanket, and conveyed on a sheep- 
rack to his grave. A white handkerchief marked with 
his name was long preserved as a relic of this officer, and 
it is believed to be still in existence. Several of our peo- 
ple who fell on this disastrous day were interred in the 
vicinity ; their bodies, however, were taken up by their 
friends, and re-interred in the places where they be- 
longed. 



132 

Thejhllowifig advertisements, twttces, S^c, are copied from 
the Connecticut Journal and New Haven Post Boy, joub- 
lished during the Revolutionary War. 

New Haven, April \1th, 1775. 

We are informed from the parish of East Haven, that last week, 
the women of that parish, in imitation of the generous and lauda- 
ble example of the societies in the town of Kew Haven, presented 
the Rev. Mr. Street, of said parish, with upwards of one hundred 
and thirty run of well spun linen yarn ; which was gratefully re- 
ceived by the family ; and the generous guests, after some refresh- 
ment, and taking a few dishe?? of coffee, agreeable to the plan of the 
Continental Congress, to which that society unanimously and fix- 
edly adheres, dispersed with a cheerfulness that bespoke that they 
could be well pleased without a sip from that baneful and exotic 
herb, [tea,] which ought not so much as to be once more named 
among the friends of Ameriean liberty. 



I^ A-^— "W-^^*— , having by my conduct for sometime past, given 
great offence to my countrymen, do take this public occasion to ac- 
knowledge that my conduct has been such as justly to alarm the 
friends of this distressed and injured country; in that I have ridi- 
culed the doings of the Hon. Continental Congress: the Committee 
chosen, in consequence of their resolution, and in not complying 
with their advice ; also in speaking slightly of the money emitted 
by our Assembly, and their proceedings, and of the soldiery raised 
by them in defence of the Colony. My conduct herein I acknowl- 
edge to be imprudent and unjustifiable, and for which I am sincere- 
ly sorry, and do promise for the future, as far as I am able, to be- 
have myself in such a manner as to give no offence to the commu- 
nity. 

Dated at New Haven, 23d May, 1775. A. W. 



I, Abraham Hickox, having, by my conduct for some time past, 
given great offence to my countrymen, do take this public occasion 
to acknowledge that my conduct'^has been such as justly to alarm 
the friends of this distressed and injured country ; in that I have 
ridiciiled the doings of the Hon. Continental Congress; the com- 
mittees chosen in consequence of their resolutions ; and in not 
complying with their advice. I confess that I have not only treated 
the Continental Congress with disrespect and abuse, but I have also 
greatly abused the General Assembly of this Colony, in saying that 
they spent their money for nothing, which appears by evidence, 
though I don't myself recollect it, and have also tryed to ridicule 
the soldiers whicli have been raised for the defence of the Colony, 
by asking the question, Avhether they intended to fight Gage with 



13S 

their feathers, and at the same time told them that they would gO 
to fight New England Rum, more than any thing else ; and that the 
soldiers enlisted for no other motive but to get the government's 
money, and to live a lazy life. I further have said that the full 
character of the Whig is a liar, or words to that effect, and that Gage 
is an honest man, with many other reflections upon the character 
and doings of those who in this day of distress stand forth for the 
defence of the liberties of this country. My conduct herein I ac- 
knowledge to be imprudent and unjustifiable, and for which I am 
sincerely sorry, and I do promise for the future, so far as I am able, 
to behave myself in such a manner as to give no offence to the 
community. 

Dated at New Haven, May 31st, 1115, 

Abraham Hickox. 



Messrs. Printers : Please to give the following lines a place in 
your next, and you will oblige your humble servant. Z. 

Wednesday evening last, a number of ladies and gentlemen be- 
longing to this town, collected at a place called East Farms, where 
they had a needless entertainment, and made themselves extremely 
merry with a good glass of wine. Such entertainments and diversions 
can hardly be justified Upon any occasion ; but at such a day as this, 
when every thing around us hasa threatening aspect, they ought to be 
discountenanced, and every good man should use his influence to 
suppress them. And are not such diversions and entertainments a 
violation of the eighth article of the Association of the Continen- 
tal Congress ? And is it not expected that the Committee of inspec- 
tion will examine into such matters, and if they find any pex'sons 
guilty of violating said Association, that they treat them according 
as the rules of it prescribe? 

July 19th, 1775. 

BEACON. 

The town of New Haven, having this day erected a Beacon on 
Indian Hill, at East Haven, now Beacon Hill, about a mile and a 
half south-east of the town ; and ordered us, their Committee, to 
give public notice thereof; we now inform the public in general, and 
the neighboring towns in particular, that the Beacon will be fired on 
Monday evening next, the 20th instant, at 6 o'clock ; all persons ai'e 
then desired to look out for the Beacon, and take the bearing of it 
from their respective places of abode, that they may know where 
to look out for it in case of an alarm, which will be announced by 
the firing of three cannon. If our enemy should attack us, and we be 
under the necessity of making use of this method to call in the as- 
sistance of our brethren. We request that all persons who come 
into the town will take care to be well armed, with a good musket, 
bayonet, and cartridge box, well filled with cartridges, under their 

12 



134 

proper officers, and repair to the State House, where they will re* 
ceive orders from Col. Fitch, what post to take. 

The Ministers of the several parishes of this and the neighboring 
towns are requested to mention to their respective congregations 
the time when the Beacon will be fired. 

Phineas Bradley, 
Isaac Doolittle, }- CommissionerSi 
James Rice. 
New Haven, 14th Nov., 1775. 



Francis Vandale, from Old France, 

Intends to open a Dancing School in this town, and also teach 
the French Language, on verj'^ reasonable terms ; as he gave entire 
satisfaction to his pupils, of both sexes, at Cambridge, Boston, and 
New Port, (Rhode Island,) in these necessary arts, he will acquit 
himself of his duty in the same manner. He is a Protestant, and 
provided with good certificates. For further particulars, inquire 
at Mr. Gould Sherman's, where he lives, in New Haven. 

Dec. 13th, 1775. 

New Haven, April 10. 
In Committee Meeting, New Haven, March 7th, 1776. 

A complaint being made against William Glen, Merchant, for a 
breach of association, by buying Tea, and selling it at an extortion- 
ous price, and also refusing paper currency therefor : said Glen waa 
cited to appear before the Committee, and make answer to the fore- 
going charge; he appeared, and plead not guilty; wherefore the 
evidences against him were called in and sworn ; and, on motion, 
voted that the evidence is sufficient to convict William Glen of 
buying and selling tea contrary to the Association, and ordered 
that he be advertised accordingly, that no person hereafter have 
any dealing or intercourse with him. Also, Freeman Huse, Jr., be- 
ing complained of for buying and selling tea contrary to Associa- 
tion, was cited to appear before the Committee. He neglecting to 
appear, or make his defence, the evidences were called in and 
sworn. On motion, voted that the evidence is sufficient to convict 
Freeman Huse, Jr., of a breach of the Association, by buying and 
selling Tea, and ordered that he be advertised accordingly, that no 
person have any further dealing or intercourse with him. 

Signed per order of Committee. Jon'th. Fitch, Chairman. 

A copy of the minutes. Test. Peter Colt, Clerh 



I, William Glen, merchant, being advertised by the Committee 
of Inspection in this town, as a violator of the Continental Associa- 
tion for buying tea, and selling it at an exorbitant price, confess my- 
self guilty of the same, for which I humbly ask their and the pub-- 
lick's pardon, and promise for the future my conduct shall be such 



135 

as shall give no occasion of offence, professing myself firm for the 
liberties of America. I desire the Committee and the public to re- 
store me to my wonted favor. I am, with sincerity, their most 
humble and obedient servant, Wu. Glen. 

The confession of Wm. Glen, being read, voted satisfactory, and 
ordered to be published. Jon. Fitch, Chairman. 

A true copy of minutes, examined by 

Mark Leavenworth, Clerk pro temp. 
May 1st, 1116. 



The intention of marriage was lately published between Hirara 
Beecher and Hestor Thomas : As the Consent of their parents has 
not been obtained, all persons are cautioned against marrying them. 

Moses Beecher. 



TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN 

An express having arrived in this town on Monday evening last, 
from General Washington, on his way to Providence, with dispatch- 
es to Governor Cook and General Spencer; and being in great want 
of a horse to proceed, application was made to a Justice of Peace 
for a waiTant to impress one, which he absolutely refused granting. 

New Haven, 8th April, 1177. 

N. B. The Printers are at liberty to mention the author's name 
whenever the Justice pleases to call upon them ; likewise the names 
of the persons ready to testify to the above charge. 



Hew Haven, July 15th, 1778, 
On Wednesday, the 8th inst., the Rev. Ezra Stiles, D. D. was in- 
ducted and inaugurated into the Presidency of Yale College, in this 
town. 

The formalities of this installation were conducted in the follow- 
ing manner : 

At half after ten in the forenoon, the students were assembled 
into the Chapel, whence the procession was formed, consisting of 
the Undei'graduates and Bachelors. At the tolling of the Bell, they 
moved forward to the President's House to receive and escort the 
Rev. Corporation and President elect, by whom being joined, the 
Procession returned to the Chapel in the following order. 

The four classes of Undergraduates, 

consisting of 116 students present 

Bachelors of Arts, 

The Beadle and Butler, 



136 



carrying 

The College Charter, Records, Key, and Seal, 

The Senior Presiding Fellow, 

One of the Hon. Council, and the President Elect, 

The Revei'end Corporation, 

The Professors of Divinity and Natural Philosophy, 

The Tutors, 

The Reverend Ministers. 

Masters of Arts, 
Respectable Gentlemen. 

The Rev. Eliphalet Williams, Senior and Presiding Fellow, began 
the solemnity with prayer. The Oath of Fidelity to this State was 
then administered to the President Elect, by the Hon. Jabez Ham- 
lin, Esq., one of the Council of the State; which being done, the 
President Elect Publicly gave his assent to the Ecclesiastical Con- 
stitution of this Government, and thereupon the Presiding Fellow 
delivered a Latin Oration well adapted to the occasion ; in which 
he committed the Care, instmiction, and Government of the College 
to the President Elect : and, in the name, and by the authority- of 
the Rev. Corporation, constituted him President of Yale College in 
New Haven, and ProfessGr of Ecclesiastical History and delivered 
to him the Charter, Records, Key and Seal of the College. The 
President being seated in the chair. Sir Dana, one of the Senior 
Bachelors, addressed him in the Auditory, in a beautiful Latin Ora- 
tion, delivered in a graceful manner. Then the President arose, 
and politely addressed the audience, in an elegant, learned, and 
animated Oration in Latin, upon the Cyclopaedia, or general system 
of universal literature ; which, for the beauty of classical diction, 
elevation of thought, and importance to the cause of learning in 
general, was worthy its author. After which an anthem, the 122 
Psalm set to music, was sung by the students; and the President 
closed the solemnity with a blessing. 

The Rev. Corporation, Officers of institution, Ministers, and other 
respectable Gentlemen, after a short recess in the Library, dined 
together in the College Hall ; an Entertainment having been pro- 
vided for the occasion. 



Messrs. Printers: By inserting the following in your next Paper, 
you'll oblige one of your constant readers. A. B. 

N'ew Haven, Jan. 30, 1778. 

Last evening, a number of persons in this town presented a very 
short Dialogue, with a short Farce, to a very large number of spec- 
tators, who paid the very reasonable price of one dollar each for 
their seats. Considering the serious state of our public affairs, the 
absolute necessity of industry and frugality among all ranks of 
people ; and more especially among common tradesmen, mechanics, 
ifec, (who, almost invariably, have the vanity of aping their supe- 



137 

riors in every fashionable extravagance,) I conceive an entertain- 
ment of this kind very improper, both on account of tlie expense, 
and the time taking up in preparation for attendance at the exhibi- 
bition. As the Hon. Continental Congress have strongly enjoined 
on all the good people of the United States, to abstainfrom all ex- 
pensive diversions, such as Theatrical Entertainments, GiMiing, <fec., 
I believe no good Whig, who duly considers the respect due to that 
venerable body, (were there no other objection,) can approve of 
this transaction. I am far from supposing the persons concerned 
had any criminal design ; but believe they engaged without delib- 
erating on the consequences that naturally attend a performance 
of this kind at the present day ; but if the sentiments here held 
forth are just, 1 presume they will be kindly received, and any 
thing of this sort not attempted hereafter. 



New Haven, May 6. 1778. 
Monday last came to town. Major General Benedict Arnold ; he 
was met on the road by several Continental and Militia Officers, 
the Cadet Company, and a number of respectable Inhabitants, from 
this place, to testify their esteem for one who has, by his bravery, 
rendered his country many important services. On his arrival in 
town he was saluted by a discharge of thirteen cannon. 



All Gentlemen Volunteers who are desirous of making their for- 
tunes in eight weeks time, are hereby informed, that the fine new 
Privateer called the New Broome, mounting sixteen sixes and four 
pounders, besides swivels, Israel Bishop, commander, is now com- 
pletely fitted for an eight weeks cruise near Sandy Hook, and in 
the Sound, where she will be under tlie protection of his Most 
Christian Majesty's fleet, and will have his best chance that there 
has been this war of taking prizes; she only waits for a few more 
men, and then will immediately sail on her cruise. All those who 
are desirous of entering for the cruise are requested to apply soon 
on board said brig, now laying in Connecticut River, or on board 
her in New London harbor, where she will be on the first of Au- 
gust. 

Wethersfield, July 25, 1778. 



The Privateer New Broome, from Conn. River, commanded by 
Israel Bishop, of this town, is taken, and carried into New York. 
We are told that several of her crew were prisoners on board the 
Somerset man-of-war, lately stranded on Cape Cod. 

New Haven, November 18th, 1778. 



The students of Yale College are hereby notified, that the preseat 
winter vacation is extended a fortnight from the 4th of next month. 

12* 



138 

As this is occasioned by the difficulty which the Steward finds in 
procuring flour or bread, it is earnestly requested of the parents, 
that they would assist in furnishing the necessary supplies. 

Ezra Stiles, President. 
Yale College, Jan. 29th, 1119, 



Wanted to purchase immediately/, 

Two Negro or Mulatto Boys, or men, from 14 to 24 years of age. 
Also, wanted a second hand Sulkey. Inquire of the Printers. 
New Haven, May 9, 1779. 



New Haven, August 18th, 1779. 

Yesterday a Cartel Ship sailed from this port with a number of 
prisoners, to be exchanged for those who were taken by the enemy 
from this town, and by them considered as prisoners of war. 



The Steward of Yale College wants to purchase a quantity of 
Butter and Cheese, for which he will pay the best kind of Rock 
Salt, Molasses, Continental or State's money, or part in hard mo- 
ney. 

November 2d 1780. 



New Haven, Sept. 6, 1781. 

On Friday morning last, between one and two o'clock, three of 
the enemy's vessels, a brig of 16 guns, and two armed sloops, came 
off to West Haven, and landed 150 men, who, having secured the 
sentinels and guards, eleven in all, they surrounded several houses, 
where the}'' fixed guard in such a manner that not the least alai'm 
was given, nor was the invasion generally known in the parish 
(though compact) till near sunrise; all Avhich time the enemy were 
collecting cattle, horses, and other plunder. Some families knew 
nothing of the affair, nor missed their cows, till they went to milk 
them. The alarm was not given in town till too late to afford any 
assistance, the enemy having effected their designs, and got on 
board the vessels. They took off four of the inhabitants, besides 
the above, and about 30 head of cattle and horses. 



New Haven, Nov. 8, 1781. 

There has been public rejoicings in this and the neighboring 
towns, on account of the signal and important victory obtained by 
his Excellency, General Washington, over General Earl Cornwallis. 
In this town, on Monday last, a numerous assembly convened at 
the Brick Meeting House, where the audience were highly enter- 



139 



tained with an animating, pathetic and ingenious oration, delivered 
by one of the Tutors of the College, and a triumpliant Hymn sung 
by the Students ; the Clergy, and a number of otiier gentlemen 
dined in the State House ; in the evening, the State House, College, 
and all the Houses round the Market Place, were beautifully illu- 
minated. The whole was conducted with the greatest regularity, 
good nature, festivity and joy. 



We, the subscribers, being (by the Court of Probate for the Dis- 
trict of New Haven, Conn.) appointed Commissioners to receive 
and examine the claims of the several creditors of Benedict Ar- 
nold, late of N^ew Haven, in New Haven County, now joined 
with the enemies of the United States of America, whose estate 
hath been in due form of law confiscated, give notice to all con- 
cerned, that we shall attend to the business of our said appoint- 
ment, at the dwelling house of Pierpont Edwards, Esq., in said 
New Haven, on the second Monday of December next, at 2 o'clock 
in the afternoon ; on the second Monday of January next, at the 
same time of day ; and on the third Monday of February next, also 
at the same time of day. 

Isaac Joxes, ) ^t • • 
Michael Todd, ) 

New Haven, November 29, 1781. 

All persons who were indebted to the said Arnold at the time he 
joined said enemies, are requested by the subseiiber, who is, by 
said Court of Probate, appointed Administrator on said Arnold's 
estate, that was the property of said Arnold at the time he joined 
as aforesaid, are requested to deliver the same to the subscriber, or 
account with him therefor. 

PiERPOXT Edwards. 

New Haven, Nov. 29, 1Y81. 



To be sold, a Mulatto Slave, about 21 years old ; is health}^, strong, 
and active ; well acquainted with all kinds of farming business, 
and can work at the shoemaker's trade. For further particulars, 
inquire of Edward Barker, of Branford, or the Printers hereof. 

November 25, 1118. 



Any Gentleman, Farmers, or others, that have any juice extracted 
from Corn-stalks, which they are desirous of having distilled into 
Rum, are hereby notified, that the subscribers. Distillers in the 
Town of New Haven, will distill the same on shares, or other- 
wise, as they can agree. And tho-e who will please to favor 
them with their employ, may depend on having the strictest justice 
done them, and their liquor distilled to the fullest proof. Or any 



140 

person that would rather dispose of said juice of Corn-Stalks, on 
delivering it at the Distillery, will receive the market price ; and 
every favor will be most gratefully acknowledged by the Public's 
very obedient servants. 

Jacobs & Israel. 
September 24, 1111. 

'N. B. Private families may have "Cider distilled for their own 
usG by Jacobs & Israel. 

In the Connecticut Journal, from which the foregoing 
advertisements and notices are taken, we find the follow- 
ing notice : 

*jt* We are very sorry that we cannot procure a sufficiency of 
paper to publish a whole sheet ; but, as there is now a paper-mill 
erecting in tliis town, we expect, after a few weeks, to be supplied 
with such a quantity as to publish the Journal regularly, on a uni- 
form sized paper, and to be able to make ample amends for past 
deficiencies. 

July 3, 1776 

The average size of this paper was fourteen inches 
long, and sixteen wide ; occasionally there was a supple- 
ment, which varied from, six to eight inches square. It 
contained three columns to a side, and was printed by 
Thomas and Samuel Green, near the College. 

The following is an account of the manner in which 
the news of peace between the United States and Great 
Britain, at the close of the Revolutionary War, was 
celebrated in New Haven. 

New Haven, May \st, 1783. 

Thursday last was observed as a day of festivity and rejoicing in 
this town, on receipt of indubitable testimony of the most im- 
portant, grand, and ever memorable event — the total cessation of 
hostilities between Great Britain and these United States, and the 
full acknowledgment of their sovereignty and independence. Ac- 
cordingly, the day, with tlie rising sun, was ushered in by the dis- 
charge of thirteen cannon, pai-aded on the Green for that purpose, 
xmder elegant silk colors, with the Coat of Arms of the United 
States most ingeniousl}' represented thereon, which was generously 
contributed upon the occasion by the ladies of tlie town. At nine 
o'clock in the forenoon, the inhabitants met in the brick Meeting- 
House for divine service, where were convened a very crowded as- 
sembly. The service was opened with an anthem, then a very per- 



141 

tinenl prayer, together with thanksgiving, was made by the Rev. Dr. 
Stiles, President of Yale College ; after was sung some lines purposely 
composed for the occasion, by the singers of all the congregations in 
consort. Then followed a very ingenious Oration, spoken by Mr. Eli- 
zur Goodrich, one of the Tutors of the College ; after which a very 
hberal collection was made for the poor of the town, to elevate their 
hearts for rejoicing. The service concluded with an anthem. 

A number of respectable gentlemen of the town dined together at 
the Coffee-House. After dinner several patriotic toasts were drank. 

At 3 o'clock were discharged thirteen cannon— at 4, twenty-one dit- 
to at 5, seven ditto — at 6, thirteen ditto — at 7 were displayed the fire- 
works, with rockets, serpents, &c.— at 9 o'clock, a bon-fire on the green 
concluded the diversions of the day. The whole affair was conducted 
with a decorum and decency uncommon for such occasions, without any 
unfortunate accident ; a most pacific disposition and heartfelt joy was 
universally conspicuous, and most emphatically expressed by the fea- 
tures of every countenance. 



The following account of the most destructive fire which 
ever occurred in New Haven, is copied from the Colum- 
bian Register, of Oct. 28, 1820. 

On Thursday night, the 26th inst., at about 12 o'clock, our citi- 
zens were alarmed by the cry of fire. The fire originated near the 
head of Long Wharf, in a wooden building, owned by Mr. Isaac Town- 
send, the lower part of which formed two Grocery stores, occupied by 
Mr. Charles Leek, and Mr. Eli Humiston. and in one of the chambers 
was the Counting Room of Hinman, Burritt & Co., who had a Lum- 
ber Yard adjoining the building. The fire was not discovered till the 
flames were bursting out of the windows and roof. Although every 
exertion was made to get it under, yet such was the quantity of lumber 
and other combustibles in the vicinity, that the destructive element was 
caught and communicated to the adjacent buildings, almost with the 
rapidity of lightning. The fire was arrested in its progress north by 
the fire-proof brick store of J. N. Clark & Co. This building, from 
the intensity of the heat without, was frequently on fire within ; but by 
great exertions the building, with its valuable contents, were preserved 
from destruction ; the rafters now appear to have been burnt to a coal. 
But for the saving of this store, a considerable number of valuable 
buildings on the north must have been destroyed. 

Unfortunately the tide was out, and whilst the flames were making 
progress south, the very scanty supply of water for the two Engines in 
that direction, could only be obtained from the pumps at the head of the 
wharf. It was difficult to preserve the line, which was necessarily so 
near the fire that the people were literally scorched ; the wind, though 
Ught, was N. V/., favoring the progress of the fire down the wharf, and 
driving the flames across the line, whilst the burning materials were 



142 

falling in every direction. At this time, the store of E. & J. Shipman, 
in which was the Marine Insurance Office, and the store of Mr. Abra- 
ham Heaton, partly occupied by him as a counting room, and by Mr. J. 
Darrow, as a Grocery, were on fire, and the heat became so insufferable 
that the line broke, and formed on the line below, where the tide began 
to favor them ; the flames soon cut off all communication with those 
above. The fire had still to pass the store of S. CoUis &. Co., the store 
of Thomas Ward, occupied by S. Jackson, and the store occupied by E. 
Beecher & Co., before 'it should reach the large brick store of R. & E. 
Hotchkiss. With this building it was hoped to make a stand against 
the fire. When the flames reached the large quantities of lumber in the 
yard of R. & E. Hotchkiss, every effort to save their store proved un- 
availing. Little remained to be done besides saving property ; great 
quantities of Rum and Molasses were rolled out, and other articles car- 
ried across the bridge below, out of danger. The fire advanced, and 
destroyed two wooden stores of R. &. E. Hotchkiss, in one of which 
the Ocean Insurance Office was kept, by Truman Woodward — three 
stores occupied by Prescott & Sherman — Kidston <fe Fenn's store and 
lumber yard — store of Henry Trowbridge — two stores of Hotchkiss <fe 
Harrison, in one of which was the Sail Loft of Mr. John Hempstead, 
and lastly, the long range of ten stores,* owned and occupied by At- 
water & Daggett, Tho's Ward, Samuel Langdon, Prescott & Sherman, 
Bush & Beach, <fec.,a building at the end of this range, owned by Capt. 
Goff Phipps, and occupied by J. Graham, as a Grocery, was pulled 
down, and the progress of the fire arrested about half past 4 o'clock in 
the morning. The wharf is now stripped of buildings, except one brick, 
two stone, and four wooden stores, below where this fire has wasted ; 
the two stone buildings out of this number were also erected in place 
of two wooden stores, belonging to J. Forbes & Son, burnt about two 
years ago. 

About twenty-six stores and warehouses, many of them filled with 
West India produce, are reduced to ashes. Besides these, there were 
several large storage buildings in rear of the stores which were also 
destroyed. 

New brig Hannah, on the west side of the wharf, unable to move on 
account of the tide, was in great danger, and it was by the most daring 
exertions that she was saved ; her masts and rigging were cut away. 
A sloop on the east side of the wharf caught fire, and her mast was 
destroyed. 

Several of the sufferers have saved little besides their books and pa- 
pers. The buildings were so generally filled with rum, tar, and other 
combustible materials, and the yards, inany of them so blocked up by 
dry lumber, that the flames baffled every effort to subdue them. New 



* These buildings were erected by the Rev. David Austin. It is 
said by some that he built them for the purpose of accommodating the 
Jews, whom, he was persuaded, would come to his native city. About 
the year 1800, Mr. Austin was sanguine in his belief that the Millen- 
nium was at hand. 



143 

Haven was never visited by such a dreadful calamity before. It is 
fortunate, however, that no individual was seriously injured during the 
fire. The principal sufferers re — Messrs Pre-;cott & Sherman, Thom- 
as & Henry Ward, R. & E. Hotchkiss, Kidston & Fenn, Truman 
Woodward, Atwater <fe Daggett, E. <fe J. Shipman, Hinman & Bur- 
riit, Solomon Collis, Abraham Heaton, Eli Beecher & Co., Henry 
Trowbridge. 

Indeed, there are few of our merchants engaged in commerce who 
have not suffered more or less by this disastrous conflagration. 

The loss is differently estimated, at from $150,000 to $250,000. 



The Jollowlng is an account of General Ltafayette's visit to 
New Haven, 2\st August, 1824. 

On Tuesday, the 17th of August, news was received of the Gene« 
ral's arrival at New York. This joyful intelligence was announced 
here by ringing all the bells, and a discharge of 24 guns. 

A delegation was immediately sent on to New York, to invite the 
General to visit New Haven, which invitation he accepted. He was 
expected in this city on the night of the 20th, in consequence of which 
the whole city was illuminated, and a large and splendid transparency, 
with the words, " Welcome La Fayette" legible at a grent distance, 
appeared aloft, in front of Morse's Hotel, Church-street, with American 
and French flags waving around it. Smaller transparencies, with the 
same words, were seen over the doors of many houses. The shops 
were full of people, old and young, ladies and gentlemen, inquiring for 
the General. Owing to numerous detentions on the way, he did not 
reach the city until 10 o'clock next day, when his arrival was an- 
nounced by the discharge of 24 cannon, and a procession formed, by 
which the General was conducted to the room of the Court of the 
Common Council, and an addre&s presented to the General by the 
Mayor, 

The General was presented to the Governor, those officers of the 
Revolution who were in New Haven, the civil and military authori- 
ties, the Faculty of Yale College, the Clergy, and hundreds of the 
citizens, and, as they were presented, the General took them each by 
the hand. 

The troops were paraded in front of the Hotel, and fired a salute. 
They then marched by in review, followed by a train of three hundred 
Students of the College, two and two, with the badges of their several 
societies. He addressed them to the following effect : 

He thanked them for the very kind reception they gave him. He 
had passed through the town in 1778. He was now most agreeably 
surprised at the great improvements since made. To see such very 
fine troops had given him a particular pleasure ; but, above all, he 
should always have the profoundest sense of the cordial welcome given 
him here Pressing his hand upon his breast, he said he was delighted 
with the manner of his reception by every kind of person 



i44 

At 11 o'clock, the General, with his suite, snt down to breakfast With 
the Common Council. Among the guests were His Excellency, Gov. 
Wolcott, and all the authorities, civil and military, the Rev. Clergy, 
the Faculty of the College, the New York Committee, and the surviv- 
ing Officers of the Revolution. At the same time refreshments were 
furnished to the Military. 

While at breakfast, the rooms just left by the gentlemen were imme- 
diately occupied by the ladies, more than three hundred of whom, with 
their children, had the pleasure of a particular introduction to the 
General. 

At 12 o'clock, the General passed to the Green, and reviewed the 
troops, consisting of the Horse Guards, commanded by Major Iiuggins, 
a squadron of Cavalry, by Adjutant Harrison, the Foot Guards, by Lieut. 
Boardnmn, the Artillery, by Lieut. Redfield, the Iron Greys, by LieuL 
NichoU, and a Battallion of Infantry, by Capt. Bills, the whole under 
Major Granniss. The General walked down the whole line, shaking 
hands with the officers, and bowing to the men, making appropriate 
remarks on the troops ; and he observed that such an improvement in 
the appearance of the troops he had not expected. 

Standing in the door of Mr. Nathan Smith, in whose house he was 
introduced to the family, he received the marching salute of the trcopsj 
and whilst wailing for the barouche volunteered by Mr. Street, he was 
introduced to the house of David C. Deforest, Esq., where, after partak- 
ing of some refreshments, he stepped into the carriage, and, riding io 
the south gate of the College Yard, was there received by the Presi- 
dent at the head of the Faculty, who conducted him through a double 
line of Students, to the Lyceum, visiting the Cabinet and Library. 

Passing through Chapel and York-streets to the new Burying Ground 
he stopped a moment to view it. He was pointed to the graves of 
Humphreys, the Aid of Washington — of Dwight, the Chaplain of Par- 
sons, whom he remembered in the War of the Revolution. He then 
proceeded to the house of Professor Silliman ; here he made a short 
visit to Mrs. Silliman's mother, Mrs. Trumbull, the widow of the late 
Gov. Trumbull, who was in the family of Washington through most 
of the Revolutionary War. 

Returning, the Students again met him, at the bottom of Hillhouse 
Avenue, and entered Temple-street, passing the graves of Whalley, 
Dixwell, and GofT, he again entered the hotel. 

In a few minutes, it being past 2 o'clock, he ascended the carriage to 
depart. The citizens again repeated their acclamations. A squadron 
of horse led the way, and a long train of coaches and mounted citizens 
followed. Fifteen guns announced his departure. The city authorities 
accompanied him to the East Haven Green, and then took leave. He 
expressed his thanks in a very touching manner for the kind reception 
he had met with from the New Haven citizens. 

Note. — The New York Corporation had resolved to deliver the Gen- 
eral in Boston, free of expense, and had paid to New Haven ; but the 
New Haven Committee insisted on taking him out of their hands, and 
furnished horses and carriages, and provided for all expenses as far aa 
New London. 



MONUMENTS, INSCRIPTIONS, 



WITH 



BIOaKAPHICAL SKETCHES, &a 

The City Cemetery, or New Burial Ground, was 
laid out in 1796, and has now become the resting place 
for the remains of many distinguished persons. [See pp. 
33, 34, 35.] The first object which is presented, after 
passing through the Egyptian gate-way, is the monument 
erected for Jehudi Ashmun, Esq., the first Colonial Agent 
at Monrovia, Africa. It is formed after the model of the 
lomb of Scipio, at Rome.* 



AshmurCs Monument. 

The inscription on the sides of the monument is as 
follows, viz. : 

Ashmun, First Colonial Agent at Liberia, Africa. Born 
at Champlain, N. Y., Ap. 21st, 1794. Landed in Africa, 
Aug. 8, 1822. Died at N. H., Aug. 25, 1828. Erected by 
the Am. Colon. Soc, 1829. 

Mr. Ashmun arrived in New Haven about a fortnight 
before his death, laboring under severe bodily infirmities, 

* The monuments of Mr. Whitney (the inventor of the Cotton Gin) 
^^d of Dr. Nathan Smith are of the same form. 



146 

brouo^ht on by his labors and exposures in a tropical cli- 
mate for the benefit of the African Colony. His constitu- 
tion was so broken clown by the hardships which he had 
endured, that the best medical skill could not save him 
from an early grave. 

His funeral was attended by a large concourse of citi- 
zens, the faculty and members of Yale College, a number 
of the neighboiing clergy, and the Governor of the tState. 
His remains were carried to the Center Churcli, where 
an appropriate and eloquent sermon was delivered by the 
Rev. Mr. Bacon. Just as the services commenced, an 
attecting scene took place. The mother of Mr. Ashmun, 
in her traveling dress, came into the congregation sup. 
ported by two persons, who conducted her to a seat. 
JShe had just arrived from the shores of Lake Champlain, 
to visit her son in his last illness, whom she had not seen 
for twelve years. But she was too late — she could only 
reach forth her aged hand and touch his coffin. The 
procession moved to the burying ground, where the burial 
service was performed by the Rev. Mr. Croswell, and a 
feeling address was given by Mr. Gurley, the Secretary 
of the American Colonization Society, who arrived from 
Washington the day before Mr. Ashmun's death. Mr. 
Gurley had been an eye witness, and, for a short period, 
the companion of Mr. Ashmun's labors in Africa. He 
read the last prayer that the lips of his friend uttered ; 
he spoke of his courage and prowess in the hour of dan- 
ger, the *' terror of his name" in the savage tribes that 
surrounded the infant colony, and the important results 
which might be expected from his toils and sufferings. 



The tabular monument erected by the Colony in 
memory of Gov. Eaton (see page 90), has been removed 
to the south-eastern part of the City Cemetery. Hannah 
Eaton, the daughter of the Governor, married William 
Jones, Esq., an English lawyer, and with her husband 
came to New Haven, in 1660. Mr. Jones afterwards 
held the office of Lieut.-Governor. He died in 1706, 
aged 82, and his wife died the following year. They 
were buried, one on the right, and the other on the left 
of Governor Eaton ; and to the Lrmer inscription on his 



147 

monument was added the following triplet, supposed tn 
have been written by Rev. James Pierpont : 

*' T' a'tend you, sir, under these framed slones, 
Are come your honor'd son and daughter Jones, 
On each hand to repose their wearied bones." 

It is much to be regretted that Governor Eaton's 
monument was not permitted to remain in its original 
position on the public square. 

The monuments of several of the officers of the College 
were removed to the City Cemetery. The inscription 
on that of President Clap reads as follows : 

" Here lyeth interred the body of the reverend and learned 
Mr. Thomas Clap, the late President of Yale College, in New 
Haven ; a truly great man ; a gentleman of superior natural 
genius, most assiduous application, and indefatigable industry. 
In the various branches of learning, he greatly excelled ; an 
accomplished instructor ; a patron of the College ; a great 
divine ; bold for the truth ; a zealous promoter and defender 
of the doctrines of grace ; of unaffected piety, and a pattern 
of every virtue : the tenderest of fathers and the best of friends ; 
the glory of learning and the ornament of religion ; for thir- 
teen years the faithful and much respected pastor of the church 
in "Windham ; and nearly twenty-seven years the laborious 
and principal president of the College. And having served 
his own generation, by the will of God, with serenity and 
calmness, he fell on sleep, the 7th day of January, 1767, in his 
sixty-fourth year. 

" Death, great proprietor of all, 
'Tis thine to tread out empires, 
And to quench the stars." 



President Stiles was distinguished in every aepartment 
of learning. " He was," says Dr. Dwight, *• the most 
learned man in America at the time of his death, and was 
probably excelled by few in the world. A veiy learned 
Jewish Rabbij who lived in Asia, where he corresponded 
for some years with Dr. Stiles, and who afterwards came 
to America, declared that Dr. Stiles understood and wrote 
Hebrew better than any other Gentile whom he had ever 
known." The following is a copy of the inscription upon 
a monument erected to his memory by the Corporation 
of the College : 



148 

" Hie jacet sepultus Ezra Stiles, S.T. D., LL. D., Qui Aha 
Mente praeditus, Eruditione omnigena irnbuius, Urbanitate 
suavissima, Moribus probis, Choritate, Fide, Pietate evan- 
gelica ; Ofiiciis Patiis, Amici, Piaeceptoris, Ecclcsia ministri, 
hominis, Enitens ; &uis percarus, in Ecclesia magno cultu dig- 
natus, Per terras honore habitus, Vixit. Lacrymis Omnium 
Obiit ; Maii xiimo. MDCcxcvto. ^tat. lxviiivo. Ecclesise lldae. 
Nov. Port. Rhod. Ins, Pastor annos xxii ; Colle-gii Yalensis 
Tutor VI, ProBses xviii. JSenatus Academicus Coll. Yal. hoc 
saxum posuit." 



Dr. Dwight, the next President after Dr. Stiles, was 
one of the most eminent men who ever presided over a 
literary institution in this country. He was born at North- 
ampton, in 1752. He graduated at Yale College, in 1769. 
He was Tutor in this institution for six years. He was 
distinguished as a writer, and his " Conquest of Canaan" 
was finished when he was only 22 years of age. In 1777, 
he was appointed one of the chaplains of the Revolutionary 
army at West Point. In 1783, he became the minister 
of Greenfield, a parish in Fairfield, Conn., where he re- 
mained for twelve years. At the time of his accession to 
the Presidency of the College, in 1795, infidelity was 
quite prevalent in many parts of the country, and most 
of the students were infected with it. President Dwight, 
by an admirable course, invited the students in their dis- 
cussions to bring forward their arguments against Chris- 
tianity. The greater part came forward as the champions 
of Infidelity. The manner in which their arguments 
were met produced a revolution in the minds of the stu- 
dents. Infidelity, " unable to endure the exposure of 
argument, fled ashamed and disgraced." Dr. Dwight 
died in 1817. His " Theology" was first published in 
1818, in 5 vols. The following is a copy of the inscrip- 
tion on the monument erected to his memory by the 
Corporation of the College : 

" Hie sepultus jacet Vir ille admodum reverendus Timothetjs 
Dwight, S. T. D., LL. D., Collegii Yalensis Prases, et ejus- 
dem Sacrosanctse Theologiaj Professor ; Qui De Littcris, de 
Religione, de Patria optime meritus ; Maximo suorum ct bo- 
norum omnium desideiio, mortem obiit. Die xr. Jaiiuar. Anno 
Domini MDcccxvn. ^tatis sufe lxv. Ecclesice Greenfieldi- 
ensis Pastor Annos xii. Collegii Yalensis Tutor vi. Pra3?es 
xxn. Senatus Collegii Yalensis Hoc Saxum Ponrrdujvj 
Curavit." 



149 




The monument of Col. Humphreys, 
the aid of Washington, stands near 
the south-western part of the yard. 
It is of granite, and is about twelve 
feet in height. He was born at Der- 
by, in July, 1752. He was educated 
at Yale College, and was distinguish- 
ed for his literary attainments. He 
entered the Revolutionary army as a 
captain, and afterwards held various 
public offices. He died of a short 
illness at New Haven, Feb., 1818. 
The following inscription is upon two 
bronze tablets inserted into the ped- 
estal of his monument : 

" David Humphreys, LL. D., Acad. Scl- 
ent. Philad. Mass. et Connect, et in An- 
glia Aqufe Solis, et Regise Societat. so- 
cius. Patriae et libertatis amore accensus, 
gr^ juvenis vitam reipub. integram conse- 
cravit. Patriam armis tuebatur, con- 
Humphreys Monument gjijjg ^^^;^^^ uteris exornavit, apud exteras 

gentes Concordia s abilivit. In bello gerendo maximi duels 

Washington administer et adjutor ; in exercilu patrio Chiliar- 
chus ; in republica Connecticutensi, militum evocatorum im- 
perator ; ad aulam Lusitan. et Hispan. legatus. Iberia re- 
versus natale solum vellere vere aureo ditavit. In Historia et 
Poesi scriptor eximius; in artibus et scientiis excolendis, quae 
vel decori vel usui inserviunt, optimus ipse et patronus et ex- 
emplar. Omnibus demum officiisexpletis, cursuq ; vitas felici- 
ter peracto, fato cessit, Die xxi Februar. Anno Domini 
MDCccxvni, cum annos vixisset lxv." 

The above may be rendered into English in the follow- 
ing manner : 

" David Humphreys. Doctor of Laws, Member of the Academy of 
Sciences of Philadelphia, Massachusetts and Connecticut ; of the Bath 
[Agricultu-al] Society, and .of the Royal Society of London.— Fired 
with the love of country and of liberty, he consecrated big youth wholly 
to the service of the Republic, vehich he defended by his arms aided by 
his counsels, adorned by his learning, and preserved in harmony with 
foreign nations. Jn the field, he was the companion and aid of the 
great" Washington, a Colonel in the army of his country, and com- 
mander of the Veteran Volunteers of Connecticut. He went Ambas- 
sador to the courts of Portugal and Spain, and returning, enriched his 
native land with the true golden fleece. He was a distinguished His- 
torian and Poet ;— a modef and Patron of Science, and of the orna- 
mental and useful arts. After a full discharge of every duty, and a lifa 
WfU sprnt, he died on the 21st day of February, 1818, ajjed 65 years." 

13* 



150 




The annexed engraving sIk.ws 
the form of the granite monument 
erected in memory of Noah Web- 
ster, LL. 1)., the author of tlie 
"American Dictionary of the En- 
glish LanCTuag-e." It is situated 
near the monument of Mr. Whit- 
ney, also that of Col. Humphreys, 
and is without an inscription, tlie 
word " Webster" only appearing 
on the base of the pedestal. Dr. 
Webster was born in West Hart- 
ford, October 16th, 1758. Having 
finished his education at Yale Col- 
lege at the age of twenty, he began 
the business of school teaching, 
which at that time afforded but a 
scanty support. For a period of 
ten years, he struggled through 
many difficulties. As a re^lief to 
his mind, he undertook to prepare 
a series of books for schools. The 
first draft of his " SjJeU'mg Book'^ was made in 1782. His 
design was generally regarded as useless, and no printer 
would undertake the publication on his own responsi. 
bility. Only two of his friends, John Trumbull and Joel 
Barlow, encouraged him with any hope of success. 

The " Spelling Book" was, upon the whole, received 
favorably, though it made its way slowly into schools for 
several years. Afterwards, when the work became more 
popular, its profits nearly supported his family during the 
twenty years which he bestowed on the preparation of 
the " American Dictionary." This great work is an 
honor to the age and country in which lie lived, and will 
transmit his name to posterity. It was first published in 
1828. During the spring of 1843, Dr. Webster revised 
the Appendix of his Dictionary, and added some hundreds 
of words. It was the closing act of his life. His hand 
rested, in its last labors, on the volume which he had 
commenced thirty-six years befoie. After a short illness, 
lie died, May 28th, 1843, closing a long, useful and active 
life in the full triumoh of Christian faith. 



Webster'' s Monument. 



Fac simile of Dr. Webster's Writing. 



Roger Sherman was born at Newton, Mass., April 
19th, 1721. He was apprenticed to a shoemaker ; and 
in 1743, he removed to New Milford, Conn. His early- 
advantages were quite limited ; but having a strong and 
active mind, he acquired a large stock of knowledge from 
books during his apprenticeship. He turned his atten- 
tion to the study of law during his leisure hours, and so 
proficient did he become in legal knowledge, that he was 
admitted to the bar in 1754. In 1764, he removed to 
New Haven. At the breaking: out of the Revolution, Mr. 
Sherman took a very decided stand in favor of the Ame- 
rican cause, and was sent a delegate to the General Con- 
gress. He was one of the most active members of that 
body, and was appointed one of the Committee to prepare 
the Declaration of Independence. He was a member of 
the Convention that formed the Constitution of the United 
States, and was a Senator in Cono^ress at the time of his 
death, which took place in New iiaven, July 23d, 1793. 
His son, of the same name, long and favorably known as 
a merchant, died at New Haven, March 4, 1856, at the 
age of 87 years. 



The grave of Jedcd'iah Morse, D. D., the father of 
American Geography, is situated near that of Colonel 
Humphreys. He was born in 1761, at Woodstock, Conn., 
and graduated at Yale College in 1783. He was installed 
pastor of a church in Charlestown, Mass., in 1789, and was 
dismissed in 1821. His "American Geography" appears 
to have been first published in 1789, at Elizabethtown, 
New Jersey. In 1793, it was greatly enlarged, and pub- 
lished in two volumes. He ]:>ublished the "American 
C.azcteer," in 1797 and 1804. lie received the degree 



152 

of Doctor of Divinity at the University of Edinburgh. 
He died in New Haven, June 9, 1826. His son, Samuel 
F. B. Morse, LL. D., (the inventor of the Magnetic Tele- 
graph,) though a native of Massachusetts, received his 
education here, and was for some time afterwards a resi- 
dent of this place. 

James Hillhouse, LL. D., distinguished for his public 
spirit and enterprise, was born in New London, in 1754, 
and graduated at Yale College in 1773. He was an offi- 
cer in the Revolution. He was a member of the House 
of Representatives, and afterwards of the Senate of the 
United States. He also filled various other public offices. 
He held the office of Treasurer of Yale College from 
1782 to 1832, a period of fifty years. He died Dec. 29th, 
1832, in the 79th year of his age. 



David Austin, an eloquent preacher, and a gentleman 
to whom Nevv Haven is much indebted for several public 
improvements, was born here in 1760. He was well fit- 
ted, by an accomplished education and foreign travel, to 
become an ornament to society, and, by his ardent piety 
and eloquence, to be useful in the ministry. He graduated 
at Yale College in 1779. It is to him that Gov. Living- 
ston alludes in the following lines of his poem on Philo- 
sophic Solitude : 

" Dear A***** too should grace ni}' rural seat, 
Forever welcome to the green r^ treat ; 
Heaven for the cause of righteousness designed 
His florid genius and capacious mind. 
Oft have I seen liim 'mid the adoring throng. 
Celestial truths devolving from his tongue : 
Oft o'er the listening audience seen him stand, 
Divinely speak, and graceful wave his hand." 

Mr. Austin was naturally eccentric in his manner of 
thinking, speaking, and acting. His mind, by dwelling 
too much, perhaps, on the prophecies, became partially 
insane on that subject. He became a champion of the 



153 

Second Advent doctrine. He held that Christ would 
commence his personal reign on the earth on the fourth 
Sunday of May, 1795. After this period, he went round 
the country announcing the near approach of Christ's 
cominor, and called on the Jews to assemble and make 
preparations to return to their own land. He declared 
iiimself a second John the Baptist. His extravagances 
increasing, he was removed by the Presbytery from his 
pastoral relation to the Church at EHzabethtown, N. J. 
He then came to New Haven, where he erected several 
large houses, and ten stores, for the use of the Jews, 
he invited to assemble here and embark for the Holy 
Land. Having at last, by this and other plans, expended 
an ample fortune, he was for a while imprisoned for debt. 
On his release, he gradually became calm and sane on all 
points except the prophecies. After the balance of his 
mind seemed to be restored, he preached with acceptance 
in various churches in Connecticut. In 1S15, he accept- 
ed a call to preach in Bozrah. He continued to preach 
to his people widi much acceptance till his death at Nor- 
wich, in 1831. 



Eli Whitney, the inventor of the Cotton-Gin, was 
born at Westborough, Mass., Dec. 8th, 1765. He was 
educated at Yale College, and soon after he graduated, 
went into the State of Georgia. Perceiving the difficul- 
ties the planters lay under in cleaning the cotton from its 
seeds, which rendered it unsaleable. Mr. Whitney in- 
vented his " Cotton-Gin," by which one person could 
clean a thousand pounds in a day. Before this invention, 
to clean one pound daily was considered a day's work. 
This invention was of immense importance to the south- 
ern States, and " by it," says Judge Johnson, of South 
Carolina, " their lands were trebled in value." ^ Notwith- 
standing this, Mr. Whitney declared to a friend, near 
the close of his life, that all he had received from his in- 
vention had not more than compensated him for the enor- 
mous expenses he had been subjected to on its account. 
In 1797. Mr. Whitney, being impressed with the uncer- 
tainty of all his hopes'founded on the Cotton-Gin, turned 



154 

his attention to the manufacture of fire-arms for the United 
States. In this he was more successful. Having oh- 
tained a contract for ten thousand stand of arms in 1798, 
he purchased the site of the village of Whitneyville, 
about two miles from New Haven, where he erected his 
works. Mr. Whitney died in 1825. The inscription on 
his monument is as follows : 

Eli Whitney, the Inventor of the Cotton-Gin, of useful 
Science and Arts the efficient patron and improver. 
Born, Dec'r 8th, 1766. Died, Jan. 8th. 1825. In the social 
relations of life, a model of excellence. While private affec- 
tion weeps at his tomb, his country honors his memory. 



CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY. 

The following account of the Second Centennial Anniver- 
sary of the Planting of Nciv Haven, April 25, 1 838, is 
taken from Prof. K ngsleifs Hist. Discourse. 

" Arrangements having been made by a joint commit- 
tee of the Connecticut Academy, the Mayor, Aldermen, 
and Common Council of the city, and the Select-men of 
the town of New Haven, for the celebration of this anni- 
versary, at about half-past eight o'clock, in the morning, 
the citizens began to assemble near the southern portico 
of the State House. Scholars of both sexes, of the seve- 
ral schools of the city, under the superintendence of their 
respective instructors, were arranged on the public 
square, from fifteen hundred to two thousand in number. 
The military escort consisted of the Artillery, under the 
command of Capt. Morris Tyler, and the Greys, under 
the command of Capt. Elijah Thompson. The proces- 
sion was formed under the superintendence of Charles 
Robinson, Esq., Marshall of the day, assisted by several 
others. From the State House, the procession, com- 
prising the various classes of citizens and strangers, pro- 
ceeded to Temple-street, up Chapel-street to College- 
street, through Collecre-street to its intersection with 
George street ; at which place, un<ler a spreading oak, 



155 

Mr. Davenport preached his first sermon just two hun- 
dred years before. Here the procession halted for re- 
ligious exercises. Not only the streets were filled, but 
the roofs of the neighboring houses were partly covered, 
and some persons had taken their stations in the trees. 
The number here assembled was variously estimated at 
from four to five thousand. The exercises of this place 
were commenced by singing four stanzas of the 80th 
Psalm, in the version of Sternhold and Hopkins. Tune, 
St. Mai'iins. 

take us Lord unto thy grace, 

convert our mindes to thee ; 
Shew forth to us thy joyfull face 

and we full safe shall be. 

From Egypt, where it grew not well, 

thou brought'st a rine full deare ; 
The heathen folke tliou didst expell, 

and thou didst plant it there. 

Thou didst prepare for it a place, 

and set her rootes full fast ; 
That it did grow, and spring apace, 

and fill'd the land at last. 

O Lord of Hoasts through thy good grace, 

convert us unto thee ; 
Behold us with a pleasant face, 

and then full safe are wee. 

Near the spot where the oak tree is supposed to have 
stood, a stage was erected, on which the Rev. Frederick 
W. Hotchkiss, of Saybrook, attended by the Rev. L. Ba- 
con, offered prayer. Mr. Hotchkiss is a native of New 
Haven. His mother was a direct descendant of Gov. 
Jones, and thus connected with the family of Gov. Eaton, 
Mr. Hotchkiss was distinctly heard by the whole assem- 
bly, and the prayer was peculiarly appropriate, solemn, 
and impressive. After the religious exercises were 
closed, the procession was again formed, and moved down 
George-street to State-street, up State-street to Elm-street, 
up Elm-street, by the place where the houses of Gov. 
Eaton and Mr. Davenport formerly stood, till it reached 



156 

Temple-street, and then down Temple-street to the first 
Congregational Church, where the society, whose first 
pastor was Mr. Davenport, worship ; and near which 
spot the first house of worship was erected. At church, 
the following exercises were performed. The music was 
by a full choir, under the direction of Mr. Ailing Brown. 

1. Hymn. By William T. Bacon, A. B. 

2. Reading of Isaiah xxxv. By Rev. Lorenzo T. 
Bennett, Assistant minister of Trinity Church. 

3. Prayer. By Rev. Leonard Bacon, Pastor of the 
First Congregational Church. 

4. Anthem, fron Isaiah xxxiv. 17, and xxxv. 1, 2. 
Words selected by Rev. L. Bacon. Music composed 
by Rev. Prof Fitch. 

The Lord, He hath cast the lot for them, and his hand 
liath divided it unto them by line ; they shall possess it 
forever. From generation unto generation they shall 
dwell therein. 

The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for 
them ; the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. 

It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice, even with joy 
and singing. The nations they shall see the glory of the 
Lord, and the excellency of our God. 

. 5. Historical Discourse. By Prof Kingsley. 

6. Prayer. By Rev. Edwin E. Griswold, Minister 
of the Methodist Church. 

7. Hymn. By Rev. L. Bacon 

8. Benediction. By Rev. L. T, BennetTi 



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MISCELLANIES. 



FIRST ENGRAVING IN NEW HAVEN. 

The primary cause of the first regular engraving being 
performed in New Haven appears to have been the bat- 
tle or action at Lexington. Wlien the news of this affair 
reached New Haven, Arnold, as has been stated, started 
with about forty volunteers. Among this number were 
Mr. Amos Doolittle, and a Mr. Earl, a portrait painter. 
These young men were, no doubt, powerfully excited by 
what they saw and heard at the scene of action, and on 
their return to New Haven endeavored to show to their 
excited countrymen pictorially the opening scenes of the 
great contest which had now fully begun, 

Mr. Earl appears to have made the drawings for Mr. 
Doolittle, who engraved the plates. Both their perform- 
ances were probably their first attempts in these arts, 
and consequently were quite rude specimens. Accord- 
ing to the statement of Mr. Doolittle, he acted as a kind 
of model for Mr. Earl to make his drawings, so that when 
he wished to represent one of the Provincials as loading 
his gun, crouching behind a stone wall when firing on 
the enemy, he would require Mr. D. to put himself in 
such a position. Although rude, these engravings appear 
to have made quite a sensation ; particularly the battle of 
Lexington, where eight of the provincials are represented 
as shot down, with the blood pouring from their wounds. 

The annexed engraving was copied from a large print 
18 by 12 inches : there were four of this size published, 
as appears from the following advertisement in the " New 
Haven Journal :" 

THIS DAY PUBLISHED, 

And to be sold at the store of Mr. James Lockwood. near the Col- 
lege, in New Haven, Four different Views of the Battles of Lex- 
ington, Concord, <fec., on the 19th April, 1775, 

14 



158 

Plate I. The Battle at Lexington. 

Plate 11. A view of the town of Concord, with the Ministerial 
troops destroying the stores. 

Plate III. the Battle at the North Bridge, in Concord. 

Plate IV. The south part of Lexington, where the first detach- 
ment were joined by Lord Percy. 

The above four Plates are neatly engraven on Copper, from ori- 
ginal paintings taken on the spot. 

Price, six shillings per set for the plain ones, or eight shillings, 
colored. 

Dec. 13th, 1115. 

If we except an engraving of the Massacre at Boston, 
in 1770, and the Landing of the British in Boston, in 
1774, by Paul Revere, of Boston, these prints may be 
considered as the first regular series of historical engrav- 
ings ever published in America. 

Both Mr. Earl and Mr. Doolittle w^ere members 
of the Governor's Guard at New Haven, and both went 
on to Cambridge as volunteers, under Arnold, immediate- 
ly on receiving the news of the conflict at Lexington" and 
Concord. The house denominated " The Public Lm,^* 
No. 6, in the engraving, is still standing. The church 
seen in the engraving was taken down in 1794, and a new 
one erected in its place. Mr. Earl's drawing was taken 
on the spot, a short time after the action took place, and 
it may be presumed to be a correct representation of the 
opening of the great drama of the American Revolution. 

Mr. Doolittle, the engraver, died Jan. 31st, 1832, aged 
78 years, after having industriously applied himself to the 
business of engraving more than half a century. The 
«' Battle of Lexington" was his first attempt at the art, 
and it is somewhat remarkable that, on the last day he 
was able to perform any labor, he assisted one of the au- 
thors of this work in engraving the reduced copy of this 
print now annexed to this publication. 

The scene represented in this engraving cannot with 
any propriety be called a " battle," though thus spoken 
of by most historians. It is memorable only as the spot 
where the^r^^ American blood was shed ; where the^r*^ 
American life was taken, in the Revolution. 



159 

On the night preceding the 19th of April, 1775, a detachment of 
about 800 men, under Col. Smith and Major Pitcairn, were ordered 
to proceed with the greatest secrecy to Concord, (about 17 miles 
from Boston,) and destroy the military stores collected by the 
Americans at that place. Tlieir movements, however, were dis- 
covered, and the country was alarmed by church bells, signal guns, 
<fec. The British troops arrived at Lexington (10 miles from Bos- 
ton) a little before 5 o'clock in the morning. At this time the Lex- 
ington militia had assembled, to the number of 50 or 60, at the beat 
of the drum. When within about 40 rods of the meeting-house, 
the Bi'itish officers ordered their men to halt, and then prime and 
load; they then marched suddenly into the sight of our men, who 
were collecting as above, about 12 or 13 rods distant. Capt. Park- 
er, who commanded the militia, seeing the great number of the 
regulars, ordered his men to disperse. The British troops, as soon 
as they discovered the Americans, huzzaed, and rushed rapidly to- 
wards them, headed by three of their officers. One of these, Maj. 
Pitcairn, rode up to the militia, cried out, " Disperse, you d — d reb- 
els ! throw dow7i your arms, and disperse I" He tired his pistol, and 
then ordered his men to fire on the retiring militia, which they 
continued to do till eight men were killed and ten wounded. The 
British troops proceeded to Concord, destroyed what they could 
of the public stores, and were then forced to retreat, hotly pursued 
by the Americans on every side. Had they not been reinforced by 
Lord Percy, at Lexington, it is doubtful whether any of the de- 
tatchment would have been able to return to Boston. 



Col, John Trumbull, the Father of American His- 
torical Painting, spent most of his last years in New Ha- 
ven. He was born in Lebanon, June 6th, 17.56, and was 
the son of Jonathan Trnmbull, the patriotic Governor of 
Connecticut during the Revolution. He was one of the 
aids of Washington, and afterwards placed himself un- 
der the tuition of West, the celebrated painter, then at 
London. After a long and eventful life, he died, Nov. 
19th, 1843. The rooms in the Gallery Building, in which 
are placed the paintings, are each 30 feet square and 24 
high, The room first entered is devoted to miscellaneous 
collections of pictures, statuary, antiquities, &lc. ; the 
other room is properly the Trumbull Gallery, as all the 
paintings which it contains are the productions of the 
pencil of Col. Trumbull, excepting his own portrait, by 
Waldo & Jewett. There are in this gallery, including 
those in eight subjects of the American Revolution, nearly 



160 




Tnimhidl Gallery. [See page 17.] 

tivo hundred and ffty portraits of persons distinguished 
during that important period, painted by \\\mfrom life. 
Among the miniature oil paintings, are the following, viz. : 

Henry Lawrence — John Jay — John Adams — Geo. Hammond — 
Temple>rankhn— Maj. Gen. Gates— Col. Wm. Hull— Col. Ebenezer 
Stephens — Capt. Thomas Y. Seymour — Gen. John Brooks — Rufus 
King — Fisher Ames — John Langdon — Jown Brown — The Infant, a 
chief of the Six Nations — Miss Harriet Wadsworth — Miss Faith 
Trumbull— Mrs. Faith Trumbull— Miss Catherine Wadsworth— Miss 
Julia Seymour — Signor Cerrachi, Sculptor — J. Dalton — The Young 
Sachem, a chief of the Six Nations — Theodore Sedgwick — Oliver 
Ellsworth — Thomas I'inckney — John Paitledge — Charles Cotes- 
worth Pinckney — Gen. Moultrie — Rufus Putnam — Jacob Reed- 
Ralph Izard — judge Grimke — Miss Ellen Custis — Miss Cornelia 
Schuyler — Mrs. Martha Washington — Miss Sophia Chew — Miss Har- 
riet Chew — Brig. Gen. Smallwood — Maj. Haskell — Col. Morgan — 
Judge Egbert Benson— Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler — Jonathan Trum- 
bull — Good Peter, a chief of the Six Nations — Dr. Lemuel Hop- 
tins — John Trumbull — Judge Oakley — Henry Dwight — John C. 
Calhoun— Dr. Allen— David^B. Ogden— Maj. Gen Mitflin— J. Liver 
more — Capt. Manning — Gen. Butler — Arthur Lee. ~ 

The larger paintings are the following, viz. : 

The Duke of Wellington— Battle of Bunker Hill— Death of Gen. 
Montgomery — Declaration of Independence — Capture of the Hes- 
sians at Ti-enton — Copy of the Transfiguration, the celebrated mas- 
ter-piece of Raphael — Copy of Correggio's St. Jerome at Parma — 
Copy of Raphael's " Madonna Delia Sedia" — Copy of the Commu- 
nion of St, Jerome, the master-piece of Dorainichino-— Portrait of 



161 

Mrs. Trumbull — Copy of the Madonna by Raphael — Our Sayiour, 
Bearing His Cross — Death of Gen. JMercer — Surrender of Burgoj-ne 
Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut during the Revolu- 
tion — Sui'render of Cornwallis — Resignation of Washingten — Ste- 
phen Van Rensselaer — The Woman taken in Adultery — St. John 
and the Lamb — Portrait of Pres. Washington — Earl of Angus con- 
ferring knighthood on De W^ilton — Alexander Hamilton — Holy 
Family — President Dwight — Full length portrait of Gen, Washing- 
ton — Infant Saviour and St, John — Rufus King — Lamderg and Gel- 
chossa (from Ossian) — Christopher Gore — Maternal Tenderness — 
Our Saviour with Little Children — Peter the Great — Holy Family — 
Joshua at the Battle of Ai — The Last Family at the Deluge — Pria- 
ou Scene. 

As a historical painter, Col, Trumbull has, as yet, had 
no equal in this country, nor has he been excelled in any 
other. He had the rare advantage of being personally 
acquainted with the individuals whose portraits are pre- 
served ; and, in a certain sense, he may be considered as 
an actor in the scenes he has represented. Perhaps the 
two paintings which will have a tendency to transmit his 
fame as an artist, beyond all others which he has executed, 
are the •* Battle of Bunher Hill,'" and the " Death of 
Gen. Montgomery at Quebec.^^ In these compositions, 
the accuracy of drawing, the admirable coloring, the va- 
riety of figures introduced, the force of expression dis- 
played in their attitudes and countenances, with their 
striking effect as a whole, stamp these productions as 
master-pieces of the art. 

The room which is first entered in the gallery, contains 
many objects of interest. Among these are portraits 
of John Davenport, Gov. Saltonstall, Gov. Yale, Dean 
Berkeley, and others, including many of the oflBcers of 
the College. This room contains, also, a group in mar- 
ble, of Jephtha and his Daughter, executed by Mr. 
Augur, of New Haven, a native artist ; the busts of Ho- 
mer, Demosthenes and Cicero; the sash which Gen. 
, "Wooster wore when he fell, near Danbury ; the portrait 
of Col. Humphreys ; and an original sketch of Major 
Andre, made by himself the day before his execution. 



162 

Ezekiel Cheever was born at London, January 25, 1614. 
He came to America in 1637, landed at Boston, and 
united with Eaton, Davenport, and otliers, in planting the 
colony at Quinnipiac. He was a man of eminence in the 
affairs of the colony, and especially conspicuous as a 
teacher of youth. He began his career as a schoolmaster 
here in 1638, and continued his labors in this line of hon- 
orable employment until 1650. He had charge of the 
free common school of the colony, and also of the free 
grammar school. In November, 1650, Mr. Cheever re- 
moved to Ipswich, Mass., and became master of the 
grammar school at that place, making it famous in all the 
country. After this, he labored in the same vocation in 
Charlestown and Boston. He was a strict disciplinarian, 
and " by an agreeable mixture of majesty and sweetness, 
both in his voice and countenance, he secured at once 
obedience, reverence and love." While at New Haven, 
he composed the Accidence, or Short Jntroduction to the 
Latin Tongue. The work was used in this country 
more than a century and a half, and has passed through 
more than twenty editions. He died at Boston, August 
21, 1708, in the 94th year of his age. The following is 
an extract from an elegy upon him, written by Dr. Cotton 
Mather, one of his pupils : 

"A mighty tribe of well instructed youth 
Tell what they owe to him, and tell with truth. 
All the eight parts of speech, he taught to them, 
They now employ to trumpet his esteem. 
Magister pleas'd them well because 'twas he; 
They say that bonus did with it agree. 
While they said amo, they the hint improve. 
Him for to make the object of their love. 
No concord so inviolate they knew 
As to pay honors to their master due. 
With interjections they break off iat last, 
But ah is all they use, wo, and alas !" 



" He lived, and to vast age no illness knew; 
Till Time's scythe, waiting for him, rusty grew. 
He lived and wrought ; his labors were immense ; 
But ne'er declined to 'preter perfect tense." 



163 

Gov. Edward Hopkins was boni in England, about the 
year 1600, and became an eminent merchant in London. 
In 1G87, he emigrated to America with his friends, Theo- 
philus Eaton and Rev. John Davenport. He decided to 
go to the colony of Connecticut, while his friends founded 
the adjoining colony of Quinnipiac or New Haven. Gov\ 
H. married the step-daughter of Gov. Eaton. He was 
chosen Governor of the colony of Connecticut every al- 
ternate year, from 1640 to 16,34. In 1652, he went on 
business to England, intending to return ; but being 
chosen Warden of the English fleet. Commissioner of 
the admiralty and navy, and Member of Parliament, he 
remained in that country till his death, 'in March, 1657. 
When Rev, John Davenport was endeavoring to found a 
Collegiate establishment in the colony of New Haven, he 
applied for aid to his friend Gov. Hopkins, who promised 
to give some encouragement thereto. By his last will, 
he bequeathed a large amount of property for the sup- 
port of the Grammar School and College in this colony. 
Much delay occurred in realizing the bequest, and it was 
finally shared between New Haven, Hartford, and Had- 
ley and Cambridge, Mass. The portion which came to 
this colony served as the foundation of the Hopkins 
Gramma/ School, which still flourishes as the oldest 
literai-y institution in New Haven. 

Gov. Hopkins was a man of great wisdom and upright- 
ness, and was not less distinguished for his liberality 
and piety. Mather remarks : " His mind kept continu- 
ally mellowing and ripening for heaven ; and one ex- 
pression of his heavenly mind, among many others, a 
little before his end, was, ' Hoio often have I pleased my- 
self with thoughts of a joyful ?neeting with my father 
Eaton ! I remember with what pleasure he would come 
down the street, that he might meet me when I came from 
Hartford unto New Haven. But icith how much greater 
jAeasure shall we shortly meet one another in heaven !' " 



In Sir Ferdinando Gorges' "Wonder-working Provi- 
dence," &c., a relation of the planting of the New Haven 
colony is given. Speaking of Mr. Davenport, it mentions 



164 

the judicious and godly Mr. John Davenport, of whom 
the author is bold to say as followeth : 

" "When men and Devils 'gainst Christ's flock conspire, 

For them prepar'J a deadly trapping net : 
Then Chi-ist, to make all men his work admire, 

Davenport, he doth thee from thy country fet 
To sit in S^'nod, and his folk assist : 

The filthy vomit of Hels Dragon, deepe 
In Earth's womb drawn, blest they this poyson mist, 

And blest the meanes doth us from error keep. 
Thy grave advice and arguments of strength 

Did much prevail, the errorist confound. 
Well hast thou warr'd, Christ draws thy dayes in length, 

That thou in learn'd experience may'st abound : 
"What though thou leave a city stor'd with pleasure, 

Spend thy prime days in heathen desert land. 
Thy joj-'s in Christ, and not in earthly treasure, 

Davenport rejoice, Christ's kingdome is at hand : 
Didst ever deem to see sucli glorious da3'es? 

Though thou decrease with age and earth's content. 
Thou liv'st in Christ, needs then must thy joy raise; 

His kingdome's thine, and that can ne'er be spent." 



"SEATING" OF THE FIRST MEETING-HOUSE. 

It was formerly the custom in some parts of New 
England to seat the people in the Meeting-House by a 
Committee. This practice appears to have been kept up 
in New Haven till about the middle of the last century. 
In several instances, the records of the town exhibit the 
assignment of persons to seats, with the names of all the 
individuals. 'J'he earliest record of this kind is in the 
proceedings of "a General Court" or Town Meeting, 
•* held the 10th of March, 1646." No seat appears to be 
assigned to Ezekiel Cheever ; but from the occasional 
mention of *' the Scholar's seats," it is presumed he was 
placed with his pupils, who probably sat in the Gallery, 
under the care of their Instructor. " The names of 
people, as they were seated in the Meeting-House, were 
read in Court ; and it was ordered that they should be 
recorded, which was as followeth, viz. : 

" T%o middle seats have, to sit in them, 

1st seat. The Governor and Deputy Governor. 



165 

2d seat. Mr. Malbon, magistrate. 

3d seat. Mr. Evance, Mr. Bracey, Mr. Francis Newman, Mr. Gib- 
bard. 

4th seat. Goodman Wigglesworth, Bro. Atwater, Bro. Seely, Bro. 
Myles. 

5th seat. Bro. Crane, Bro. Gibbs, Mi\ Caffinch, Mr. Ling, Bro. 
Andrews. 

6th seat. Bro. Davis, Goodman Osborne, Anthony Thompson, Mr. 
Browning, Mr. Rutherfoi'd, Mr. Higginson. 

7tli seat. Bro. Carafield, Mr. James, Bro. Benham, Wm. Thomp- 
son, Bro. Lindall, Bro. Mai'tin. 

8th seat. Jno. Meggs, Jno. Coopei*, Peter Browne, Wm. Peck, Jno. 
Gregory, Nich. Elsie. 

9th seat. Edw. Banister, John Herryman, Benja. Wilmot, Jarvis 
Boykin, Arthur Holbridge. 

" In the cross seats at the end, 

1st seat. Mr. Bell, Mr. Tattle, Bro. Fowler. 

2d seat. Thorn. Nash, Mr. Allerton, Bro. Perry. 

8d seat. Jno. Nash, David Atwater, Thom. Yale. 

4th seat. Robert Johnson, Thom. Jeffery, John Punderson. 

5th seat. Thom. Munson, John Livermore, Roger Allen, Jos. Nash, 
Sam. Whithead, Thom. James. 

In the other little seat, John Clarke, Mark Pierce. 

" In the seats on the side, for men, 

1st. Jeremy Whitnell, Wm. Preston, Thomas Kimberly, Thom. 
Powell. 

2d. Daniel Paul, Rich. Beckl}^, Richard Mansfield, James Russell. 

3d. Wra. Potter, Thom. Lampson, Christopher Todd, William 
Ives. 

4th. Hen. Glover, Wm. Tharpe, Matthias Hitchcock, Andrew 
Low. 

" On the other side of the door, 

1st. John Mosse, Luke Atkinson, Jno. Thomas, Abraham Bell. 

2d. George Smith, John Wackfield, Edw. Pattison, Richard Beech. 

3d. John Basset, Timothy Ford, Thom. Knowles, Robert Preston. 

4th. Richd. Osborne, Robert Hill, Jno. Wilford, Henry Gibbons. 

6th. Francis Browne, Adam Nichols, Goodman Leeke, Goodman 
Daighton. 

6th. William Gibbons, John Vincent, Thomas Wheeler, John 
Brockett. 

" Secondly , for the women s seats, in the middle, 

1st seat. Old Mrs. Eaton. 

2d seat. Mrs. Malbon, Mrs. Grigson, Mrs. Davenport, Mrs. Hooke. 

3d seat. Elder Newman's wife, Mrs. Lamberton, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. 
Brewster. 

4th seat. Sister Wakeman, Sister Gibbard, Sister Gilbert, Sister 
Myles. 

5th seat, Mr. Francis Newman's wife, Sister Gibbs, Sister Crane, 
Sister Tuttil, Sister Atwater, 



166 

6th seat. Sister Seely, Mrs. CafRnch, Mrs. Perry, Sister Davis', 
Sister Cheevers, Jno. Nash's wife. 

'Jth seat. David Atwater's wife, Sister Clarke, Mrs. Yale, Sister 
Osborne, Sister Thompson. 

8th seat. Sister Wigglesworth, Goody Johnson, Goody Camfield, 
Sister Punderson, Goody Meggs, Sister Gregor3\ 

9th seat. Sister Todd, Sister Boykin, Wm. Pottei''8 wife, Matthias 
Hitchcock's wife, Sister Cooper. 

" In the cross seats at the end, 

1st. Mrs. Bracey, Mrs. Evance. 

2d. Sister Fowler, Sister Ling, Sister Allerton. 

3d. Sister JefFer}?^, Sister Rutherford, Sister Livermore. 

4th. Sister Preston, Sister Benham, Sister Mansfield. 

5th. Sister Allen, Goody Banister, Sister Kimberly, Goody Wil- 
mott, Mrs. Higginson. 

In the little cross seat, Sister Potter the midwife, and old Sister 
Nash. 

" In the seats on the sides, 

1st seat. Sister Powell, Goody Lindall, Mrs. James. 

2d seat. Sister Whithead, Sister Munson, Sister Becklj^, Sister 
Martin. 

3d seat. Sister Peck, Joseph Nash's wife, Peter Browne's wife, 
Sister Russell. 

4th seat. Sister Ives, Sister Bassett, Sister Pattison, Sister Elsie. 

" In the seats on the other side of the door, 

1st seat. Jno. Thomas's wife. Goody Knowles, Goody Beech, 
Goody Hull. 

2d seat. Sister Waekfield, Sister Smith, Goody Mosse, James 
Clarke's wife. 

3d seat. Sister Broekett, Sister Hill, Sister Clarke, Goody Ford. 

4th seat. Goody Osborne, Goody Wheeler, Sister Nichols, Sister 
Browne." 



The following list of newspapers and other periodical 
works, published in New Haven, Conn., is furnished by 
a gentleman of the place, who has drawn it from a de- 
tailed manuscript catalogue by him prepared. It is 
believed to be nearly complete to the year 1838. 

The Connecticut Gazette, printed by James Parker, near the Hay- 
market. Weekly. Begun in April? I'/So ; suspended April 14, 
1764; revived July 5, 1765, by Benjamin Mecom, and ended with 
No, 596, Feb. 19, 1768. — The Connecticut Journal and New Haven 
Post Boy. Begun October 23, 1767, by Thomas and Samuel Green. 
It passed through the hands of manj^^ publishers, and ended with 
No. 3517, April 7, 1835. — The New Haven Gazette, by Meigs, Bowen 
& Dana ; begun May 13, 1784; ended February 9, 1786. Weekly. 



16t 

—The New Haven Gazette aud the Counecticut Magazine, by Meigs 

& Dana. Begun February 16, 1786 ; ended . Weekly. — 

American Musical Magazine, monthly, 4to, published by Amos i)oo- 
little and Daniel Read. 10 numbers; about 1788. — The New Haven 
Gazette, begun January 5, 1790 ; ended June 29, 1791. Weekly. — • 

Federal Gazeteer, begun in February, 1796 ; ended ■ — . Weekly. 

—The Messenger, begun January 1, 1800 ; ended August 9, 1802. 

Weekly. — The Sun of Liberty, begun in 1800 ; ended . The 

Visitor, begun October 30, 1802 ; and November 3, 1803, became 
the Connecticut Post and New Haven Visitor. Supposed to have 
ended November 8, 1804. Weekly.— The Churchman's Monthly 
Magazine, 8vo, monthly, begun January, 1804. Four volumes pub- 
lished. — Connecticut Herald, begun 18*04, by Comstock, Griswold & 
Co. Weekly.— The Literary Cabinet, begun November 15, 1806 ; 
ended October 31, 1807. Edited by members of the Senior Class in 
Yale College. 8vo, pp. 160.— Belles Lettres Repository, edited and 
published by Samuel Woodworth ; begun and ended in 1808. — Me- 
moirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 8vo ; begun 
1810, ended 1813. Pp. 412.— Columbian Register, begun December 
1, 1812. Weekly. — The Athemeum, begun February 12, 1814; 
ended August 6, 1814. Edited by Students of Yale College. 8vo, 
pp. 120. — Religious Intelligencer, begun June 1, 1816. 8vo. — The 
Guardian, monthly, conmienced isis, ended Dec, 1828; 10 vols, 
published.— The Christian Spectator, 8vo, monthly, begun January, 

1819 ; ended in this form Dec, 1828. It has been continued since 
as a Quarterly. — -The American Journal of Science and Arts, con- 
ducted by Benjamin Silliman ; begun 1818. Quarterly. Vol. 31 
was published in January'-, 1837. — The Microscope, edited by a Fra= 
ternity of Gentlemen, begun March 21, 1820; ended September 8, 

1820 ; 8vo, pp. 200. Semi-weekly.— The National Pilot, begun 
October, 1821; ended in 1824.— United States Law Journal and 
Civilian's Magazine, 8vo, quarterly, begun June, 1822 ; ended 1823. 
American Eagle, begun 1826 ; ended — •. New Haven Chroni- 
cle, begun February, 1827 ; ended about June, 1832. — New Haven 
Advertiser, begun May 1, 1829; ended October 20,1832. Semi- 
weekly. — New Haven Palladium, weekly, begun Nov. 7, 1829.— 
The Sitting Room, edited by members of Yale College, 1830. — =New 
Haven City Gazette, begun April 1, 1830 ; ended May 7, 183L 
Weekly. — The Miscellany, semi-monthly, begun November 12, 1830 ; 

ended — . The Student's Companion, by the Knights of the 

Round Table, 8vo ; begun Jan., 1831 ; ended May, 1831. Monthly. 
— The Little Gentleman, begun January 1, 1831 ; ended April 29, 
1831. 18mo. — National Republican, begun July 26, 1831 ; ended 
March, 1832.— The Boy's Saturday Journal, begun Dec. 3, 1831 ; 
ended Feb. 18,1832; in 12 numbers, 48mo.— The Literary Tablet, 
semi-monthly, begun March 3, 1832 ; ended March 29, 1834. — The 
Sabbath School Record, 12mo, monthly ; begun January, 1832 ; 
ended Dec, 1833. — The Child's Cabinet, monthly, begun April, 1832 ; 

ended — . Daily Herald, begun Nov. 26, 1832. — -Watchtower 

of Freedom, begun Oct 20, 1882; ended =-. Morning Regis- 



I 



168 

ter, daily, begun Nov., 1883 ; ended — . Morning Palladium, 

(daily and thrice a week,^ begun JS'ov. 15, 1883 ; ended Jan., 1834. 
— The Medley, conducted by an Association of the Students of Yale 
College; begun March, ended June, 1833; 8vo, pp. 166.— Journal 
of Freedom, weekly, begun in May, 1834 ; ended about May, 1835. 
— Jeffersonian Democrat, begun June 7, 1834, and continued about 
six weeks. Weekly. — The Microcosm, or the Little World of Home, 
8vo, monthly ; begun July, 1834.— The Perfectionist, monthl}', 
begun August 20,^1834; ended March 15,1836. The last four 
numbers bore the name of the New Covenant Becord. — Literary 
Emporium, 4to, begun June 16, 1835.' — Religious Intelligencer and 
Kew Haven Journal, begun Jan. 2, 1836. — The American Historical 
Magazine and Literary Recoid, begun January, 1836 ; monthly, 
8vo. — Yale Literary Magazine, conducted by the Students of Yale 
College ; begun Feb., 1836 ; 8vo, 3 numbers per term. — Chronicle 
of the Church, 4to ; begun Friday, Jan. 6, ISSY. 



The foUowiTfg extracts are from the Cohimhian Register^ 
published during the ti?ne of the last war with Great 
Britain. 

New Haven, Sept. 14, 1813. — The hod\es of Lawrence and Ludlow 
passed through this city on Friday last, in covered waggons, on 
their way to JS^. York. 

On Tuesday the 'Jth inst. 3 or 4 of the enemy's armed vessels 
passed through the Sound towards New York — they captured sev- 
eral sloops during their cruise. On Friday afternoon last, a frigate 
and a sloop of war were seen to pass this harbor, steering eastward, 
and were off Killingworth on Saturday afternoon. AVe understand 
that they sent their barges ashore at Guilford and fired a sloop, but 
that they were soon driven off, and the fire extinguished so soon as 
to save most of the vessel and property. 



Lieut. John A. Thomas, with between 20 and 30 soldiers of the 
4th regiment, left Fort Hale on Tuesday last for Greenbush. They 
embarked on board an Albany sloop, and proceeded towards New 
York, until they discovered the British force in the Sound, when 
they ran into some Creek and escaped capture. 



JSew Haven, April 19, 1814. — On Friday last a frigate, a gun brig 
and a small sloop, were discovered off this harbor steering west- 
ward — they proceeded as far as Stratford Point, where thej' came 
to anchor for the night. — On Saturday morning they passed this 
harbor, for the eastward. 

The appearance of the enemy before this city at so short period 
after their depredations at Saybrook. aroused the citizens, and 



169 

occasioned the meeting of the proper authority and principal gen- 
tlemen of the city at the State House, to devise means to repel any 
attack ; and we are happy to state that every precautionary mea- 
sure has been adopted, by fui'uishing the citizens with arms, am- 
munition, (fee, and keeping a night-watch to give the first alarm 
should an enemy approach. 

New Haven, April 26, 1814. — On Friday last 4 seamen were 
brought to town by a patroling party of horse that had been order- 
ed out a few days past as a guard to ride along the coast near this 
city. The seamen were discovered near the light-house, 5 miles 
from this city, landing from a small open boat. They were sus- 
pected of being spies, but on being examined in this town they gave 
satisfactory evidence of being deserters, and were set at liberty. 
They say that they deserted from the British sloop of war Sylph, 
lately arrived on our coast. One of them had attempted to desert 
three times before, and had received 40 lashes, which fully appeared 
by examination. 

New Haven, Sept. 6, 1814. — His excellency Gov. Smith, visited 
this city last week. On Wednesday, accompanied by several gen- 
tlemen of this town he examined the new fortifications erecting on 
Prospect Hill. He then repaired to Fort Hale, when the command- 
ant, Captain Northrop, ordered a salute fired. The Governor has 
ordered a considerable force to this place ; and his exertions for 
the public good in this day of danger are highly honorable to him- 
self and the state. 

New Haven, Oct. 4, 1814. 
FORT ON PROSPECT HILL, 

NEAR NEW HAVEN. 

This work has progressed with great rapidity, and is now nearly 
completed. The inhabitants of the neighboring towns deserve and 
receive the thanks of the public, for volunteering their aid in this 
patriotic labor. 

On Wednesday and Thursday last one hundred men from Che- 
shire, under the direction of Andrew Hull, Esq. labored with great 
industry and eff"ort at the fortifications, for two days. On their 
return through the city in waggons, with music playing, they were 
saluted with a discharge of artillery, and cheered by the citizens 
who had collected in great numbers at the Public Square. 

On Thursday, one hundred men from the town of North-Haven, 
under the direction of their rev. pastor. Dr. Trumbull, the venerable 
historian of Connecticut, 80 years of age, volunteered their ser- 
vices and spent the day in the same patriotic work. This aged 
minister addressed the throne of grace, and implored the Divine 
blessing on their undertaking. 

On Friday, the same number of men from Hamden, under the 

15 



no 

command of capt Jacob Whiting, with great industry, labored at 
the same work, and were saluted and cheered by the citizens on 
their return. 

The inhabitants of the town of Meriden, with a patriotism not 
exceeded by their neighbors, have volunteered their aid for 
Wednesday next. 

It is confidently hoped, that our fellow-citizens of other towns 
in this vicinity, and our own citizens, will in the course of the pres- 
ent week, complete the works which are now nearly finished. 
Parties who are willing to give their assistance in this preparation 
for the common defence, are desired to give notice to the Committee 
of the time when it will be agreeable to them to give their attend- 
ance. The enemy is hovering on the coast — Where the next blow 
will be attempted no one can tell. Preparation to repel invasion 
cannot too speedily be made. 



I^cio Haven, Oct. 18, 1814. 
CAPTURE OF PACKET SUSAN AND CUTTER EAGLE. 

On Sunday the 9th inst. the Packet Susan, John Miles, master and 
owner, left New York for this place, with several passengers, and 
a cai'go of flour, goods, &c. to the amount of 12 or 15,000 dollars. 
On Monday morning, about 9 o'clock, off Mill-River, (a little west 
from Bridgeport) the Susan was boarded and captured by a British 
tender, commanded by a Lieut, with about 50 men, an 18 pounder 
and two 4 pounders. Information of this capture was received in 
this city late in the afternoon of the same day, when the Revenue 
Cutter Eagle, Capt. Lee, immediately prepared, and in addition 
to her crew took on board about 30 volunteer citizens, and put 
off in hopes to re-take the Susan. The wind being light they 
bore a little to the eastward and stood towards Long Island ; at 
day break they found themselves nearly under the guns of a sloop 
of war, when the cutter out sweeps and endeavored to get into 
a creek on Long Island shore — it being almost a calm, the enemy's 
vessel manned her barges and sent them in pursuit. Capt. Lee 
finding he could not enter the creek, (and the brig drawing near) 
ran on shore, under a high bluff, nearly opposite Falkland Islands, 
where he commenced a fire upon the barges and compelled them 
to sheer off. The crew with the assistance of the people who had 
collected on shore, took 4 guns from the cutter, planted them on the 
bank and succeeded in keeping the enemy from landing or get- 
ting possession of her. After injuring the cutter very much from 
their fire, the enemy's vessels stood to the eastward ; but their 
barges made several attempts upon her during the night. 

The next day Capt. Lee succeeded in getting off the cutter, and 
whilst attempting to remove her a few miles and place her under 
the protection of a small fort, the enemy returned and got pos- 
session of her. They will undoubtedly refit her to cruise in the 
Sound. 



171 

The cutter carried four 4 pounders, and two 2*8. No person on 
board her was injured in this affair. 

The following are the names of those who volunteered their ser- 
Tices on board the cutter Eagle, captain Lee, in defence of free trade 
and sailors' rights : 

Capt. Elnathan Atwater, captain John Davis, Lt. Stephen Dum- 
mer, Thomas Miles, John Hoods, Asahel Tuttle, Chs. B. Lines, Simeon 
Chatfield, Ammi Harrison, Levi Collins, jr. Jas. Atwater, jr. John 
Munson, Samuel Hine, John Derrick, Ebr. Burrill, Andrew D. Mar- 
tin, Major Cook, Chs. Barker, Russel Warren, Pomroy Barney, David 
Moulthrop, John Hubbard, Mr. Mix, Mr. Lewis, Fred'k Brindsley, 
Cambridge Hall, B. Applewhite, P. Zainy, &c. 

The flag that was sent off to the squadron returned here on Friday 
evening last with captain Miles and some others who were in the 
Susan when captured. The captain came home for the purpose of 
obtaining the means of ransoming the packet and cargo. He has 
returned to the squadron with the money, and will probably arrive 
here again with his vessel to-day. 

The British will probably represent the capture of the Revenue 
Cutter as a Splendid Naval Victory. We think with them, that the 
capture of a Yankee vessel of this class, viz. of six pop guns, by only 
a gun brig and several barges, is something uncommon in British 
Naval History at the present time. 

Our Patrons must pardon us for giving them a very inferior 
quality of paper this week. Fortune has frowned upon the printer, 
and placed in the hands of the enemy, by the capture of the 
Susan, our stock of paper for several months, worth between 2 
and 300 dolls. It will be obtained, however, by paying nearly 
its value over again. Our friends who are in arrears at this office, 
it is hoped, will not remember to forget the publisher at this time 



New Haven, May 13, 1815.— The Steam Boat FULTON arrived 
here on Monday last at 6 o'clock in the afternoon ; she returned to 
New York the same evening, and arrived here again on Tuesday 
evening. At 6 o'clock on Wednesday morning she left here with about 
80 passengers for Hartford, intending to arrive there on Thursday 
morning, the day of our great General Election and collection ; she 
arrived at Middletown, (a distance of between 60 and 70 miles, one 
half of which distance was on the Connecticut river, and against a 
strong current,) at 6 o'clock, P. M.— she stopped there until 4 o'clock 
on Thursday morning, when she proceeded on and arrived at Hartford 
in 4 hours, where she was saluted by the discharge of cannon and the 
huzzas of the multitudes who were gratified with the sight of a Steam 
Boat fifty miles above the mouth of Connecticut river. 

The Steam Boat arrived here last night from Hartford, and proceeded 
this day to N. York. 



I 



PLAN OF PART OF CHAPEL STREET, 

Showing the Buildings and Occupants about the Year 1786. 



CHURCH STREET, 
R. Cutler. ^ 



Richard Cutler's - 

Warehouse and Store. — 

Hei. Beardiley'a House and Drug » 
Store. ' 

Eli Beecher.-IB 



John Cook's House if Tailor Shop, g 

Samuel Covert, izsuse oe Tailor' s •'.:- 
Shop. . 

Bishop & Hotchkiss, Hat Store. ...B 

NOW ORANGE STREET. i 

Wm. McCracken's House if Store. 11 



E. Beardsley, House If Drug Store g 

Theophilus Munson, House and H 
Blacksmith Shop. 



Watts House, occ. by Messrs. Sher- .^ 
man, A. Bradley, 2d, D. Cooke."' g 



ST 

^ ...John Miles, Tavern. 



H-Thad. Beeeher'8 House, Store and 
„ Warehouse. 



,..'rimo. Phelps, Dr^f Qoods Merek't. 



Titus Street's House and Store. . 



m 






Ruth Crane. 

g John Beecher. 

gl Maltby & Fowler, Grocers. 

B ..~.N. Kimberly, Painter. 

,. Old House, present site of New Ha- 
[Sj' ven Bank. 



SI Pember Jocelyn 

g]' Jeremiah Atwater. 

_.- -Atwater & Lyon's Store. 

g Z. Read's House. 

— Z. Read's Saddlery. 

- Mix's Bakery. 
SI- Joseph Mix, 

..Col. Lyon. 



a 



,.....N. Lyon's Shop. 



-Warehouse. 
Bradley & Hugpns' Store. 



STATE STREET. 

The above shows all the buildings standing in Chapel-street in the year 1786, 
together with the names of their occupants, &c. The plan was drawn by the 
late Charles Bostwick, Esq., and published in the Columbian Register, August 
I9th, 1845. At the period Deacon Bostwick drew the above (1845), he was the 
only person remaining who resided or did business, in 1786, in this section of 
Chapel-street, now the most compact business part of the city. At this time there 
was not a brick building in the street. The first brick building was erected by 
Col. William Lyon, and was occupied as a banking house for the New Haven 
Bank for several years. 



173 

James Luce Kingshy. — He was born at Scotland, a 
parish of Windham, Conn., August 28, 1778, and was 
graduated at Yale College in 1799. In September, 1801, 
he was appointed Tutor in the College ; and having 
served in this office four years, he was, in 1805, elected 
Professor of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin Languages, 
and of Ecclesiastical History. After 1831, when a sep- 
arate Professorship of Greek was established, he ceased 
to teach this tongue, but continued to give instruction in 
Hebrew until 1835. From the year 1831, he considered 
the Latin Language and Literature his proper depart- 
ment. In August, 1851, just fifty years from the date of 
his first appointment as an officer of the College, he re- 
signed his place. In accepting his resignation, the Cor- 
poration requested him still to retain a connection with 
the College as Professor Emeritus. From 1805 to 1824, 
he was the Librarian of the College ; and in 1845, he 
went to Europe at his own expense, in order to buy books 
for the Library. For fifty years he had charge of the 
Triennial Catalogue of the Graduates of the College. 

He was distinguished for his accurate and thorough 
scholarship, and for his investigations as a critic and his- 
torian. Many important contributions, on literary and 
classical topics, were published by him in the reviews of 
his time. In 1838, he delivered a discourse at the second 
Centennial Celebration of the settlement of the Colony of 
New Haven. He died at this place, Aug. 31, 1852, aged 
75. The following is the inscription on his monument : 

" H. S. E. Jacobus Luce Kingsley, LL. D. in Collegio 
Yalensi, cujus lumen fuit atqne coluinna, Latinse Linguae 
et Literarum Professor, qui, per totum vitse cursum cultui 
deditus elegantium doctrinarum, ingeniosissimus in rebus 
reconditis et in dagandis et exponendis, veritatis studio- 
sissimus, justitia? aniator, Dei cultor sincerus, quuni ingenii, 
eruditionis, probitatis, modestia^ fama usque ad senectutem 
floruisset, mortem non repugnans obiit; a propiuquis, col- 
legis, discipulis, aliis valde defletus, xxxi. _ die Augusti, 
Anno Domini mdccclii., muneris sui Academici ll, .^tatis 

LXXV." 



15* 



174 



The following is a list of Deaths in New Haven, from 1789 
to Jan. 1, 1856, with the exception of the year 1818. 



Year. 


Total. 


Year. 


Total. 


Year. 


Total. 


1789, . . 


53 


1815, . . 


213 


1841, . . 


296 


1790, 






70 


1816, 






82 


1842, 






247 


1791, 






55 


1817, 






77 


1843, 






279 


1792, 






61 


1818, 








1844, 






246 


1793, 






80 


1819, 






103 


1845, 






307 


1794, 






180 


1820, 






135 


1846, 






268 


1795, 






159 


1821, 






127 


1847, 






270 


1796, 






67 


1822, 






144 


1848, 






327 


1797, 






58 


1823, 






110 


1849, 






519 


1798, 






78 


1824, 






141 


1850, 






304 


1799, 






69 


1825, 






189 


1851, 






439 


1800, 






79 


1826, 






161 


1852, 






685 


1801, 






95 


1827, 






115 


1853, 






538 


1802, 






106 


1828, 






146 


1854, 






662 


1803, 






145 


1829, 






169 


1855, 






562 


1804, 






95 


1830, 






171 






1805, 






126 


1831, 






191 






1806, 






106 


1832, 






227 






1807, 






108 


1833, 






160 






1808, 






78 


1834, 






161 






1809, 






116 


1835, 






209 






1810, 






119 


1836, 






270 






1811, 






121 


1837, 






267 






1812, 






91 


1838, 






221 






1813, 






228 


1839, 






243 






1814, 






100 


1840, 






210 







The apparent increase in the annual mortality since 1852, is 
partly owing to the increase of population, bnt mainly to the fact, 
that since that time, under the operation of the excellent Registra- 
tion Law of the State, the deaths in the whole town are included. 

The average mortality of New Kaven is about one in 51 of its 
inhabitants. 

In Philadelphia, ... 1 death in 42, 



1 " 39, 
1 " 36, 
1 " 29, 
1 " 25, 

is as great in this city as in most 



In Boston, 

In Baltimore, 

In Chicago, 

In New York, 
Showing that the value of life 
country towns. 

For some of these statistics we are under obligations to the Town 
Registrar, S. G. Hubbard, M. D. ; to whose efforts, also, we are 
principally indebted for our City By-Law regtilating Burials, 
passed in 1850, and subsequently for the State Law requiring the 
registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 

OF IMPORTANT AND INTERESTING EVENTS IN THE 

HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN. 



1637. The English first traverse the country, from Saybrook to 

Fairfield, in pursuit of the Pequots. 
' Mr. Eaton and others build a hut at Quinnipiac [New Haven] 
during the fall of this year, where a few men spent the 
winter. 

1638. Mr. Davenport and others sailed from Boston for Quinnipiac, 

March 30. 
" Mr. Davenport preached near the corner of George and 

College-streets, under an oak — the first Sabbath in New 

Haven, April 15. 
" Treaty made with Momauguin and others, Nov. 24. 
" Ezekiel Cheever commenced his career as schoolmaster. 

1639. Original Constitution of New Haven Colony formed, June 4. 
" Theophilus Eaton chosen first Governor, Oct. 25. 

" Nepaupuck, a Pequot chieftain, condemned and executed for 
several murders. His head was cut oft', and set upon a 
pole in the market-place. 

1640. Robert Peaks and Daniel Patrick, agents of New Haven, 

bought Greenwich. 
*' The General Court decreed that Quinnipiac should be called 
New Haven. 

1642. Troubles with the Dutch and Indians. 

" Free School ordered to be set up by the Colony. 

1643. Gov. Eaton and Mr. Gregson sent to Boston from New Haven, 

as commissioners to the Confederation of the Colonies of 
New England. 
" The Dutch being harassed by the Indians, apply to New 
Haven for assistance. 

1644. New Haven sent help to Fairfield and Stamford against the 

Indians. 

1645. Mr. Gregson appointed agent to procure a patent for the 

Colony. 

1647. Mr. Gregson, Captain Turner, and five or six other principal 

men, embarked, in January, at New Haven, on a trading 
voyage to London ; never heard of afterwards. 

1648. A ship belonging to Mr. Westerhouse seized by the Dutch, in 

New Haven harbor. 
1651. Fifty men from New Haven and Tetoket [Branford], in 
attempting to settle their lands at Delaware, were im- 
prisoned by the Dutch governor. 



176 

i660. Commissioners of the United Colonies met in New Haven, 
Sept. 14. Mons. Godfrey and Gabriel Druillets, two 
agents or commissioners from Canada, petitioned for assist- 
ance against the Six Nations. 

1663. Great alarm and distress on account of the Dutch and Indians. 
" Connecticut and New Haven " provided a frigate of 10 or 12 
guns, with 40 men, to defend the coast from the Dutch." 

1656. Gov. Eaton compiles a code of laws for New Haven, printed 
the next year at London. 
" Mr. Wm. Hooke, teacher of the Church, removed to England. 

1666. The General Court of New Haven ordered a troop of sixteen 
horse to be raised in five towns on the coast. First tmop 
in any part of Connecticut. 

165*7. Gov. Eaton of New Haven died, in the 67th year of his age. 
" Gov. Edward Hopkins died at London, March, leaving be- 
quest for a Grammar School or College in New Haven. 

1658. Mr. Francis Newman chosen Governor of New Haven Colon3^ 

1661. William Leet, Esq., chosen Governor; Matthew Gilbert, 
Deputj^ Governor. 
" The Regicides Whalley and Goff arrive in New Haven, 
March 27. 

1666. Union of New Haven and Connecticut 
Colonies. 

1668. Rev. Mr. Davenport removed to Boston. 

1670. Mr. Davenport died suddenly in Boston, March 11, aged 73. 

1675. Much alarm on account of King Philip's "War ; the town for- 
tified. 

1677. The town appointed Deacon William Peck and John Chidsey 
" to make up the rate," deliver it to the ministers, and 
prosecute such as fail in the pajTnent. The Church Trea- 
sury was previously supplied by voluntary contributions. 

1680. Matthew Gilbert and John Punderson, two of the "seven 
pillars" of New Haven, died. Goff, the Regicide, is sup- 
posed to have died in, or near New Haven, the same year. 

1685. Rev. James Pterpont ordained pastor, July 2. 

1689. Col. John Dixwell, one of the Regicides, died in New Haven, 
aged 81. 

1697. The town voted Mr. Pierpont a regular salary annually, in- 
stead of the avails of the tax, more, or less. 

1714. Rev. Mr. Pierpont died, Nov. 14, at the age of 55. 

1716. The Collegiate School (Yale College; removed from Saybrook 

to New Haven. 

1717. The edifice for the Collegiate School begun, Oct. 8. 

1718. The College building completed, and the first Public Com- 

mencement held in New Haven, Sept. 10, and the name of 

Yale given to the building and to the School. 

Legislature of the Colony of Connecticut first met at N. H. 
1721. Gov. Yale died in England, July 8th, aged 73. 
1724. Number of inhabitants estimated in New Haven, 1,000; 

houses 163. 



177 

1Y40. Rev. George Whitefield arrived in New Haven. Great atten- 
tion to the subject of Religion at this period. 

1744. White Haven house of worship commenced. 

1745. Mr. "Whitefield preached in the open air to a great congrega- 

tion assembled on the Green, before Mr. Pierpont's house. 
1763. Public worship commenced in the College Hall. 
1756. First Episcopal Society formed. 
" New Haven Gazette, by Jas. Parker, first Newspaper printed 

in New Haven. 
" Laws of Yale College, in Latin ; the first book printed in 

New Haven, 24 pages 8vo. 
1759. White Haven Society incorporated. 
1761. Rev. James Noyes, pastor of the First Society for 46 years, 

died, aged 73. 

1765. Much excitement on account of the Stamp Act. Mr. Ingersoll 

resigned his office. 

1766. Rev, Naphtali Daggett elected President of Yale College. 

Tornado. Steeple in East Haven blown down. 
1772. Laws of Yale College first published in the English tongue. 
1775. The Governor's Guard, under Captain Arnold, marched to 

Cambridge, on the news of the action at Lexington. 
" Margaret, wife of Benedict Arnold, Esq., died June 10, aged 30. 
1777. Rev. Ezra Stiles elected President of Yale College. 

1779. New Haven invaded and plundered by the British, July 6. 

1780. Hard winter. Snow four feet deep throughout New England. 
" Dark Day throughout New England, May 19. 

1781. Duke de Lauzun, with his Legion of 600 men, passes through 

New Haven, June 28. 

1784. New Haven constituted a City by the Legislature. 

1787. Rev. Chauncey Whittelsey, after a ministry of thirty years, 
died, aged 70. 
" First regular Census taken : number of inhabitants, 3,540, in- 
cluding 176 students. 

1793. Roger Sherman, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, 

died July 23. 

1794. Yellow fever in New Haven ; 160 persons seized by it, of 

whom 64 died. 

1795. President Stiles died. May 12, aged 67. 

*' Timothy Dwight elected President of Yale College. 

1796. The town appropriated 200 dollars for destroying barberry 

bushes. 

1797. Martha, wife of John Townsend, died Nov. 9, aged 44; the 

first person buried in the New City Cemetery. 

1800. Tonnage in the port of New Haven, 11,011. 

1801. Samuel Bishop. Town Clerk for 54 years, died, and was suc- 

ceeded by Elisha Munson. 
1803. Brewery in Brewery-street burnt, April. 
1806. Re/. Samuel Merwin ordained, United Society. 
1806. By-law passed, forbidding smoking within 4 rods of any 

house or barn within the Citv limits. 



178 

1806. Great Eclipse of the Sun, June 16th. 

1807. First Methodist Church built. 

1809. A slight shock of an earthquake, May 25. 

1812. Nath. W. Taylor ordained, Center Church, April 8. 
" Rev. James Dana, D. D., died Aug. 18, aged 77. 

" Rev. Bela Hubbard, D. D., Rec. Trin. Ch., died Dec. 6, aged 73. 

1813. Medical Institution of Yale College went into operation. 
" Rt. Rev. Abraham Jarvis, D. D., died May 3, aged 75. 

1814-15. Center, Ti-inity and North churches built. 

1815. Old blue meeting-house occupied for the last time, Dec. 17. 
" First steamboat arrived from New York, March 21. 

" Epidemic Dysentery, confined principally to children. 

1816. Cold summer — frost every month in the year. 

'♦ Rev. Harry Croswell installed Rector. Trinity Church. 
*' First Baptist Church constituted. 

1818. New- Constitution Legislature first met in New Haven in May. 

1819. The American Journal of Science and Arts commenced, by 

Professor Benjamin Silliman. 

1820. Great Fire on Long Wharf, Oct. 28. 

1821. The monuments in the Old Cemetery removed ; Rev. Mr. 

Hill [Baptist] delivered an address. 
" Tornado (September Gale) ; Methodist Church (erecting) 
blown down in the evening of Sept, 3. 

1822. Farmington Canal Company chartered. 

1828. Charles Chauncey, LL. D., died April 28, aged 76. 
" No death for forty days, in May and June. 

1824. Mob in College-street, in consequence of the disinterment of 

a body ; Medical College threatened ; mob dispersed by 

the civil authority, Jan. 12. 
" First Baptist Church dedicated, July 27. 
" Ground broken for the Farmiagton Canal at the head of 

Southwick Ponds, July 4. 
" Mrs. Mansfield's trial for the murder of her husband hold in 

the Methodist Church, Aug. 19. 
*' Oen. La Fayette arrived in New Haven, Aug. 21, at 10 o'clock, 

A. M. ; illumination the evening previous. 

1825. Eli Whitney, the inventor of the Cotton Gin, died Jan. 8, 
" Rev. Leonard Bacon installed, Center Church, March 9. 

" Eagle Bank stopped payment, Sept. 19. 

1826. iEneas Munson, M.D., President of the Medical Society of 

Connecticut, for more than seventy years practiced his 
profession, died June 16, aged 92. 

1827. J. Lancaster, founder of the Lancasterian system, lectured at 

the Center Church, June 21. 

1828. A large number of Students ordered to leave Yale College 

for disorderly conduct, [on account of their food,] Aug, 4. 
' Funeral of Mr. Ashmun, Col. Soc. Ag't, at the Center Church, 
Aug. 27. 

1829. Dr. Nathan Smith, Professor of Medicine and Surgery, died 

Jan. 26, aged 66. 



179 

1829. Red Jacket, the Indian Chief, delivered a speech at the Ton- 
tine, March 12. 
1880. Farmington Canal extended to Westfield, 10 miles from N. H. 
" Col. Jared Mansfield, LL. D., died Feb. 3, aged 70. 
" Col. Wm. Lyon, first Cashier of the New Haven Bank, died, 
Oct. 12, aged 82. 

1831. Rev. Claudius Herrick, Principal of a Female Seminary, died 

May 26, aged 56. 
" City Meeting repudiating the establishment of an African 
College in New Haven, Sept. 12. 

1832. Cholera in New Haven for the first time, July 28 ; 26 per- 

sons died. 
" Amos Doolittle, long known as an Engraver, died, Jan. 31. 
" Hon. James Hillhouse died, Dec. 29, aged 78. 

1833. President Jackson and suite arrived in New Haven, June 15. 
" Great shower of Shooting Stars, from midnight to morning, 

November 18. 
" Rev. E. L. Cleveland ordained. Third Congregational Church. 
1835. Nathan Smith, U. S. Senator in Congress, died in Washing- 
ton, Dec. 6, aged 65. His remains arrived in N. H.,Dec. 19. 
' Coldest summer since 1816. Ice in July. 
" Theological building (Yale College) erected. 
1835-6. Severe AYinter. Harbor frozen six weeks. 
1837-8. Mild Winter. Steamboats lost but one passage. 

1837. Great Fire in Orange and Chapel-street, Aug. 2. 

" Banks in New Haven (except the City Bank) and elsewhere 
stopped Specie Payments May 10. 

1838. Second Centennial Celebration of Settlement of New Haven 

celebrated. Address by Prof. Kingsley. 
" Rev. S. W. S. Dutton ordained. United Society. 

1839. Cars commenced running from New Haven to Meriden — to 

Hartford the next year. 
" Tornado passed through the N. part of the city^July 30, do- 
ing considerable damage. 

1840. Amistad Captives declared free by Judge Judson, at U. S. 

Court, Jan. 13. 

1841. James A. Hillhouse, eminent as a Poet, died Jan. 5, aged 51. 
" E. Munson, many years Town Clerk, died Aug. 30, aged 80. 

1842. Bunce's Paper Mill in Westville destroyed by fire during a 

snow storm, Dee. 20. 
" Severe Frost — leaves of forest trees destroyed, May 23. 

1843. Frost and Ice in June. 

1846. Theodore D. Woolsey elected President — Yale College Illumi- 

nated, Oct. 21. 
" Wooden buildings in Church-st. destroyed by fire, Dec. 16. 

1847. New York and New Haven Railroad commenced. 

1848. Canal Railroad opened to Plainville, Jan. 18. 

" Catholic Church, corner York-street and Davenport Avenue, 

destroyed by fire, June 11. 
" Cars first passed from New Haven to New York, Dec. 29. 



/ 

1848. Dea. N. "Whiting, formerly Pub. of the Religious Intelligencer, 

died Feb. 19, aged 76. 

1849. Capt. Bottom, with a company of emigrants, sailed for Cali- 

fornia March 12, from the Steamboat Dock. 
" Nathan Beers, a Lieut, and Paymaster in the Revolutionary 
army, died Feb. 11, aged 96. 
1848 Lewis Fisk died, Nov. 29, aged 41, the first person buried in 
the Evergreen Cemetery, 

1850. Foote and M'Caffrey, the murderers, executed Oct. 2. 
" Brewster's Hall opened, Aug. 7. 

" Dr. J. Skinner, formerly Constable, died — age, 85. 

1851. David Daa:gett, Chief Jus. Conn., Senator in Congress, died 

April 12^, aged 86. 
" Simeon Baldwin, Judge Supreme Court, Member of Congress, 

died May 26, aged'^90. 
1862. Cars passed from New Haven to New London, July. 

" Kossuth, the Hungarian Governor, delivered an Address in 

N. H., April 23. 
" Dr. J^^neas Monson, Surgeon in the Revolutionary Army, 

formerly Pres. of N. H. Bank, &c., died Aug. 22, aged 89. 
" Prof. J. L. Kingsley, of Yale College, died Aug. 31, aged 74. 

1853. Col. Lemanowski, one of Napoleon's officers, lectured in N. H. 

1854. Extreme heat. Thermometer 99 to 100 in the shade, Aug. 22. 
" First State Fair held in New Haven, Oct. 10, 11, 12, 13. 

1855. W. Clark killed R. W. Wight, April 28. He was acquitted 

on the ground of insanity. 
1866. A company of men emigrated to Kansas, addressed by Henry 

Ward Beecher, at the North Church, March 22. 
" Young Men's Institute completed. Custom House Building 

commenced. 
" Jewish Synagogue opened for worship, April. 
" Dr. James C Percival, eminent as a poet, geologist and man 

of science, died at Hazelgreen, 111., May 2, aged 6L 



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